Environmental noise and vibration induced by building construction are increasingly prominent in daily life. If the noise and vibration level exceeds the corresponding standard limits stipulated by the country, humans' normal life, working, or studying efficiency would be interfered. This paper aims to explore how residents respond to noise and vibration mainly induced by the building construction. The noise and vibration measurements, as well as a questionnaire survey, were conducted. Through analysis and comparisons, it is shown that the noise impacts were concentrated in the area near the construction site. For the noise and vibration transmission within the building, the noise levels were amplified in the lower floors and gradually attenuated with floors, and the vibration levels decayed with the floors. The noise impact was much greater than the vibration impact. Building construction was found to be one of the most annoying noise and vibration sources, while the subway operation has little impact on residents according to either subjective or objective evaluation. The ratio of noise and vibration dissatisfaction was less than that of annoyance, which demonstrated that the residents' psychological capacity was high toward the impact of noise and vibration. The proposed dose-response relationship can apply in a similar community environment. Once the noise levels within the building obtained, the residents' noise annoyance can then be estimated.Sustainability 2020, 12, 1579 2 of 17 the cardiovascular system, nervous system, and endocrine system [7][8][9]. The effects of noise and vibrations on human beings were discussed by studying different urban areas or different types of noise and vibration sources. Typical urban areas affected by noise and vibrations include schools [10][11][12][13], offices [14,15], markets [16], airports [17,18], and metro stations [19,20]. Major sources of urban noise and vibrations include construction [21,22], road traffic [23][24][25], rail traffic [26,27] and industry [28].According to the China environmental noise and control annual report in 2018 [29], noise reports accounted for 35.3%, and ranked the second, just behind the air pollution. In the report of noise problems, building construction noise disturbed the public with a proportion of 43.0%. From noise pollution complaints, they mainly focus on construction and industrial noise, while those from social life, entertainment, and traffic systems accounting for less.On a construction site, multiple activities, such as the pile drilling, the collapse of old buildings, people shouting, can cause noise and vibration. Therefore, noise and vibration sources are diverse and often changeable. Due to the construction machines are mostly operated with no shielding around them, and the fact some of them often need to be moved, lifted, and installed, the construction-induced noise and vibrations have the characteristics of suddenness and discontinuity, easily causing annoyance and discomfort to humans. Based on the construction of a lig...

The frequently moving subway trains often cause large vibration of the rack buildings especially tall buildings and noise problem, which lead to the discomfort of the occupants. Therefore, it is highly necessary to adopt measures to decrease the vibrations. The finite element model of vehicle-rail-foundation was established by using ABAQUS program, and vibration mitigation ability by using ballast mats was investigated. The results showed that the ballast mat has ability to mitigate train-induced environmental vibrations. The acceleration level can be highly reduced within 30 m from the track centerline on the ground. Increasing the thickness of the ballast mat and increasing the static foundation modulus can enhance the vibration mitigation effect. The research results can provide references for the train-induced environmental vibration mitigation design.