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Helmet mounted display systems (HMDs) are high-performance display devices for modern aircraft. We propose a novel method combining event-related potentials (ERPs) and BubbleView to measure cognitive load under different HMD interfaces. The distribution of the subjects’ attention resources is reflected by analyzing the BubbleView, and the input of the subjects’ attention resources on the interface is reflected by analyzing the ERP’s P3b and P2 components. The results showed that the HMD interface with more symmetry and a simple layout had less cognitive load, and subjects paid more attention to the upper portion of the interface. Combining the experimental data of ERP and BubbleView, we can obtain a more comprehensive, objective, and reliable HMD interface evaluation result. This approach has significant implications for the design of digital interfaces and can be utilized for the iterative evaluation of HMD interfaces.