To preserve the parklike appearance of an open finished water reservoir and meet a state mandate for increased protection of stored finished water, the Pittsburgh Water and Sewer Authority investigated postreservoir treatment options. Faced with a state mandate to cover a 125‐mil‐gal‐ (0.4 × 106–m3‐) capacity finished water reservoir and with public opposition to using a floating cover, the Pittsburgh Water and Sewer Authority explored the possibility of postreservoir treatment options. The regulatory agency indicated that any acceptable posttreatment must ensure 4‐log reduction of viruses, 3‐log reduction of Giardia, and 2‐log reduction of Cryptosporidium. The authority studied ozonation and membrane filtration for this application. Ozone inactivation trials resulted in a 1.0‐ to 1.2‐log inactivation of Cryptosporidium oocysts at bench scale and 0.1‐ to 0.5‐log inactivation at pilot scale. Membrane filter challenge studies demonstrated a 5‐log removal of Giardia cysts and 6‐log removal of Cryptosporidium oocysts. Based on the results of pilot testing and additional considerations, the authority is constructing a 20‐mgd (0.07 × 106–m3/d) microfiltration plant to treat water leaving the finished water reservoir.
The Pittsburgh Water and Sewer Authority (PWSA) owns and operates the existing 120 mil gal (452 ML) open reservoir in Highland Park, known as Highland Reservoir 1. It provides drinking water for approximately 50% of Pittsburgh's residents. In 1984, changes in drinking water regulations required public water suppliers in Pennsylvania to cover, abandon, or otherwise protect open potable water reservoirs from potential contamination. This article describes how PWSA resolved the issue, under intense public and political scrutiny, by building a new microfiltration plant housed in a small and attractive nineteenth century‐style building that integrates well with the park atmosphere and the surrounding community. The process used by the engineering consultant to pilot‐test for the ideal treatment process is discussed.
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