The aim of this article is to extend Kevin Lynch's theory in the 'Image of the City' (1960) by adding 'meaning' to the urban spaces observation because Lynch focused on the legibility factor only. The 'meaning' observation in this article is through the reading of space as 'third space' creation given by Lefebvre, Soja and Bhabha. The understanding of 'third space' (include the first-second spaces) gives a deeper understanding of the urban areas especially for urban areas that bear specific social condition of cultural hybridization. The understanding does not only read the physical layer, but also cultural and historical layers. This article is based on a study in kampungs (urban village) in Surabaya, Indonesia, with specific respondents of young adults aged 20-25 years old. This study shows that by adding 'meaning' to the urban elements identification of Lynch's especially in the view of third space reading, the result shows that elements related to the social construction within the place is the most crucial elements rather than elements with strong in legibility.

Abstract. Spatial identity is a result of a connection between people, physical elements of places, and activities associated with them. The development of identity occurs through the psychological process place attachment. This article is based on a research project that observed the spatial identity of young adults living in kampungs (urban villages), in Surabaya city. The young adults are faced with the contrast of a two-sided modernity between the kampungs and the city, which affects their attachment. The study of place attachment has been undertaken through an observation of social life of the participants and spatial perception. Through this study of spatial identity not only physical characteristics were identified, but also social characteristics. This is due to physical conditions of space and social interactions in these spaces are intertwined The study found that the identity with the strongest attachment is related to social behaviour of the young adults but which is not recognised by current planning strategies. This study of spatial identity is suggesting that policy changes are needed to improve spatial environment of the kampungs.

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Industrial activity is a prime determinant in shaping city size and growth opportunities especially in developing country, like India. Since industrialization started in Ahmedabad in 1950s, the city becomes larger and larger in terms of population and size. The growth of Ahmedabad city is highly affected by three urban generators on eastern part of the city. The research' aim is to identify and analyze the urban shape caused by the industrial activities and business activity that occupy public areas and streets. Since industrial activities became urban generators to change the use of land, from agriculture into developed land, it has affected the physical morphology of the urban areas. The research found that the existence of informal sector on these areas give an idea that industrial activity not only causes the change of land occupation, but also encourages the growth of informal commercial activity.

Nowadays, sustainability has become one of the main aspects in architecture and urbanism. Limited land, space usage efficiency, public area occupancy by private sector and energy efficient are few examples of various factors that cause the temporality. Space temporality, instead of temporality in time and users, both planned and unplanned, becomes an interesting issue to be explored further. Literature studies and empirical observation are used in this article as reference to redefine the concept of "space", in regards to its adaptability and flexibility in sustainable architecture. This research aims to construct a design guide of a temporal space (such as classifications, characters, and some other elements). There are several design guidelines that can help architect in designing an adaptable and flexible space or building. Space, user, and time (both adaptability and flexibility) are the key factors for a sustainable design.