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ContextThe objective of the present review was to collect published spiritual needs questionnaires and to present a clear image of the research condition of this domain.Evidence AcquisitionFirst, an electronic search was conducted with no limits on time span (until June 2015) or language in the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Ovid, ProQuest and Google Scholar. All derivations of the keywords religion and spiritual alongside need and its synonyms were included in the search. Researches that introduced new tools was then selected and included in the study. Due to the limited quantity of questionnaires in this domain and with no consideration given to the existence or lack of exact standardization information, all of the questionnaires were included in the final report.ResultsEight questionnaires were found: patients spiritual needs assessment scale (PSNAS), spiritual needs inventory (SNI), spiritual interests related to illness tool (SpIRIT), spiritual needs questionnaire (SpNQ), spiritual needs assessment for patients (SNAP), spiritual needs scale (SNS), spiritual care needs inventory (SCNI), and spiritual needs questionnaire for palliative care.ConclusionsThese questionnaires have been designed from a limited medical perspective and often involve cultural concepts which complicate their cross-cultural applicability.

Background. Methamphetamine-induced psychosis (MIP) in Iran has turned into a serious issue in terms of health and treatment, lacking any obvious treatment methods for its resistant cases. Aims of Case Report. In the present study, a number of two cases of treatment of MIP with clozapine, which were resistant to the treatment with other antipsychotics, have been reported. Both cases completely responded to the treatment in only 2 weeks and no signs of psychosis relapse were seen in an 8-9 follow-up. Conclusion. Because of its particular pharmacologic features, clozapine may be effective in treating MIP.

Using the standard checklist to determine the reasons for discharge of psychiatric patients against psychiatrist's advice cannot correctly determine the main reasons for discharge due to the exceptional circumstances of patients when they wish to leave the hospital. →What this article adds:Completing the standard checklist based on face-to-face interviews with patients who wish to be discharged from the psychiatric ward against their psychiatrist's advice helps to determine the main reasons for discharge more correctly. The resulting information can also help by providing the chance to change the patient's decision for discharge against medical advice.

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