Rotavirus (RV) is the most common cause of severe gastroenteritis and fatal dehydration in human infants and neonates of different species. However, the pathogenesis of rotavirus-induced diarrhea is poorly understood. Secretory diarrhea caused by rotavirus may lead to a combination of excessive secretion of fluid and electrolytes into the intestinal lumen. Fluid absorption in the small intestine is driven by Na-coupled transport mechanisms at the luminal membrane, including Na/H exchanger (NHE). Here, we performed qRT-PCR to detect the transcription of NHEs. Western blotting was employed for protein detection. Furthermore, immunocytochemistry was used to validate the NHE's protein expression. Finally, intracellular Ca concentration was detected by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The results demonstrated that the NHE6 mRNA and protein expressed in the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line (Caco-2). Furthermore, RV-Wa induced decreased expression of the NHE1 and NHE6 in Caco-2 cell in a time-dependent manner. In addition, intracellular Ca concentration in RV-Wa-infected Caco-2 cells was higher than that in the mock-infected cells. Furthermore, RV-Wa also can downregulate the expression of calmodulin (CaM) and calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII) in Caco-2 cells. These findings provides important insights into the mechanisms of rotavirus-induced diarrhea. Further studies on the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms that downregulate NHEs in RV-induced diarrhea are required.

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ABSTRACT. In this study, we investigated the prognostic factors of infantile rotavirus (RV) infection. A total of 102 infants with RV enteritis were divided into 2 groups according to the standards of improvement and cure at the time of discharge from the hospital: improvement group (N = 58; 47 males and 11 females with an average age of 15.19 ± 5.03 months) and the cure group (N = 44; 34 males and 10 females with an average age of 10.02 ± 4.92 months). Both groups were phlebotomized for the detection of serum glutamic oxaloacetic aminotransferase, creatine kinase-MB, and lactate dehydrogenase. Prognostic factors and clinical data were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic analysis. Among the 102 cases of RV infection, 58 were cured and 44 were improved. Univariate analysis showed that the 2 groups were significantly different in age, feeding pattern, concentrations of serum glutamic oxaloacetic aminotransferase, creatine kinase-MB, and lactate dehydrogenase, and central nervous system damage. Logistic regression analysis showed that age, feeding, and central nervous system damage were significant independent prognostic factors for RV enteritis (P < 0.05). There were no statistical differences in gender, 791©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Genetics and Molecular Research 14 (1): 790-796 (2015) Factors for infantile rotavirus infection course of disease, and respiratory infection (P < 0.05). Both myocardial and hepatic damages presented a temporary feature in the infants and had no significant influence on prognosis. Age, feeding pattern, and central nervous system damage are significant independent prognostic factors for RV infection. These factors should be carefully considered in clinical practice.