When upconversion nanophosphors were incorporated into an azotolane-containing cross-linked liquid-crystal polymer film, the resulting composite film generated fast bending upon exposure to continuous-wave near-IR light at 980 nm. This occurs because the upconversion luminescence of the nanophosphors leads to trans-cis photoisomerization of the azotolane units and an alignment change of the mesogens. The bent film completely reverted to the initial flat state after the light source was removed.

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Photoinduced bending and unbending behavior of crosslinked liquidcrystalline polymers containing azotolane moieties in side chains occurred upon irradiation with sunlight, according to the trans-cis photoisomerization of the azotolane moieties.

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