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Hemicastration has often been used to investigate the effect of in vivo modulation of gonadotrophin and steroids on peripheral endocrine organs. In the present study the effect of hemicastration was studied on pinealadrenal karyomorphology and percentage of cell proliferation activity and it was further examined whether such relationship was influenced through administration of steroid hormone and antihormones. In the present study the post pubertal male mice were hemicastrated and after thirty days of post hemicastration, the mice groups were administrated separately with steroid hormones estradiol at a dose of 5 µg/100 g b.w., testosterone of a dose of 100 µg/100 g b.w. and antihormones, tamoxifen at a dose of 500 µg/100 g b.w. and flutamide 2 mg/100 g b.w. daily for ten consecutive days. Our data revealed that both the pineal and adrenal gland nuclear size and cell proliferation were significantly increased in thirty days post hemicastrated male mice. It was further observed that the steroid hormones, estradiol and testosterone and antihormones administered for ten consecutive days significantly reversed the pineal adrenal hyperactivity and hyperplasia induced by hemicastration. Taken together our current experiments showed that both the pineal and adrenal glands stimulated following hemicastration can K O LK ATA RESEARCH ARTICLEadversely respond to input of steroid hormones and antihormones showing reversal of hemicastration induced stimulation in these post pubertal male mice.

The current investigation was undertaken to assess the pineal and thyroid gland cytophysiology and function in response to an exogenously altered steroid milieu following administration of a steroid hormone and non-steroidal antihormones. In the present study male rats (Rattus rattus) were injected with estradiol at a dose of 2 mg, testosterone 100 µg, tamoxifen 100 µg and flutamide 2 mg per 100 g b.w. intramuscularly for 15 consecutive days. Control rats were similarly injected with peanut oil vehicle intramuscularly for the same duration as the treated groups. The results indicated that pineal and thyroid gland response to estradiol and testosterone administration was opposite in nature. Estradiol induced significant hypertrophy of pineal and thyroid cytophysiology as indexed from significantly increased pineal and thyroid karyomorphological and associated parameter values, testosterone contrarily caused significant atrophy of pineal and thyroid cytophysiological parameters. Tamoxifen acted as a true estrogen agonist, whereas flutamide showed an androgen antagonist nature, thereby causing hyperactivity of pineal and thyroid karyomorphological and associated functions similar to that observed in estradiol treated rats, but contrary to that shown by testosterone induction in these rats.