Kondisi geografis merupakan salah satu hambatan pemasokan energi listrik melalui jaringan PLN ke perdesaan di Indonesia, sehingga masih banyak rumah tangga yang belum menikmati layanan energi listrik. Sesuai kondisi klimatologi NTT yang mempunyai musim kemarau panjang, penggunaan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS) dipandang potensial dikembangkan. Pemanfaatan PLTS listrik surya atap di NTT saat ini mencapai 10.751 unit, namun demikian, akhir-akhir ini pemakaian PLTS mengalami beberapa permasalahan yaitu PLTS tersebut sering tidak dapat berfungsi dengan baik dan beban lampu yang dipasang menghasilkan nyala yang kurang terang. Permasalahan ini diduga berkaitan dengan faktor-faktor lingkungan seperti suhu, iluminasi radiasi sinar matahari, kelembaban dan juga letak posisi penempatan modul sel surya terhadap bumi yang kurang tepat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membuktikan pengaruh parameter lingkungan (suhu, iluminasi radiasi sinar matahari, kelembaban) dan penempatan posisi modul terhadap luaran energi PLTS. Metode yang digunakan adalah eksperimen dan deskriptif. Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa iluminasi radiasi sinar matahari sangat berpengaruh terhadap luaran energi PLTS, Jika Iluminasi bertambah 1 Lux maka luaran energi akan bertambah 0.001 Wh dengan asumsi suhu konstan. Kelembaban tidak berpengaruh terhadap luaran energi PLTS dan pengaruh suhu hanya dapat terlihat pada siang hari. Penempatan modul PLTS tegak lurus dengan bumi menghasilkan luaran energi optimum

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This paper presents a modeling and analysis of the levelized cost of electricity (LCoE) related to solar Photovoltaic (PV) power plants. As the PV matures, the economic feasibility of PV projects is increasingly being evaluated using the LCoE. Regulation of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources of the Republic of Indonesia Number 19 the Year 2016 concerning the purchase of electricity from PV Power Plants by PT PLN (Persero) for On-Grid PV in East Nusa Tenggara with a purchase of 0.23 US$ / kWh, but the purchase price of electricity for Off-Grid PV system have not been determined. The aim of this study was to analyze LCoE for PV systems so that could help policymakers and PV investors to calculate the cost of providing PV systems for rural areas, especially in Kupang Regency. The research method uses an LCoE modeling approach. The results showed that LCoE PV On-Grid system at the level of 0.19-0.21 US$/kWh, and LPoE at the level of 0.21-0.23 US$/kWh. LCoE Off-Grid PV system at the level of 0.29-0.31 US$/kWh, and LPoE at the level of 0.31-0.33 US$/kW. The result from modeling PV On-Grid System, estimated by 2030, LPoE at the maximum level of 0.24 US$/kWh.

Many researches on the low-cost solar simulators for PV module performance testing have been carried out. However, it was found that the previous designs require improvements to address the needs of PV module performance test equipment specifically for dust impact experiments. As the dust material attaching on the surface of PV module is removed easily during experiments, module position should be kept to face upwards. This study reported results of a solar simulator developed for testing characteristics of PV modules including those contaminated with dust. Test results showed that the solar simulator worked well. Voltage input and distance of halogen lamps can be adjusted to produce various light intensities received by the examined PV module. Relative difference of maximum power output (Pmax) of an examined PV module exposed to the Sun and the developed solar simulator was about 33%. The large difference was likely contributed to human errors and non-standard equipment applied during the study.