Users prefer more feedback rather than less, even if it makes the wait seem less reasonable. However, the constant progress bar performed at the top of both reasonableness and preference, keeping users informed without increasing arousal or focusing attention on temporal stimuli. Other options are also discussed to make duration perceptions more reasonable.

Using the construct of brand personality to measure automobile and soft drink personalities, two studies represented self-congruity by combining brands and the self-image into Pathfinder associative networks (Schvaneveldt et al., 1989). Self-congruity, the number of links between the self and each brand, was predictive of preference and ideal brand. Because brand personality and self-image are knowledge structures, and facets of brand personality also describe the self, self-congruity can be represented and measured in networks. This approach could be helpful to marketers studying how the self is related to each brand and how brands interrelate.

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Engineering grand challenges and big ideas not only demand innovative engineering solutions, but also typically involve and affect human thought, behavior, and quality of life. To solve these types of complex problems, multidisciplinary teams must bring together experts in engineering and psychological science, yet fusing these distinct areas can be difficult. This article describes how Human Systems Engineering (HSE) researchers have confronted such challenges at the interface of humans and technological systems. Two narrative cases are reported-computer game-based cognitive assessments and medical device reprocessingand lessons learned are shared. The article then discusses 2 strategies currently being explored to enact such lessons and enhance these kinds of multidisciplinary engineering teams: a "top-down" administrative approach that supports team formation and productivity through a university research center, and a "bottom-up" engineering education approach that prepares students to work at the intersection of psychology and engineering.