Aim. to study the dynamics of clinical and laboratory parameters of endogenous intoxication and prooxidant and antioxidant blood systems in patients with abdominal sepsis. Material and methods. 57 patients with abdominal sepsis were examined. The inclusion criteria for the study were the presence of a clinic of abdominal sepsis and changes in the parameters of the prooxidant and antioxidant blood systems and blood cytokines. Results. In patients with abdominal sepsis, signs of oxidative damage to lipids and proteins were found, as evidenced by a significant increase in the MDA level up to 5.8 μmol / L, catalase content in erythrocytes 94 mmol / min*gHb, spontaneous NBT test activity up to 95% and a decrease in ceruloplasmin in the blood up to 194 mg / l. With abdominal sepsis, a significant increase in the level of TNF-82.7 pkg/ml, IL-10 to 167.6 pkg/ml, IL-6 to the maximum values in this study up to 286.4 pg/ml and IL to 34 pkg was /ml observed. Conclusion. It was found that in patients with abdominal sepsis there is an increase in lipid peroxidation indicators - malondialdehyde in the blood plasma, the activity of the spontaneous NBT test, depending on the phase of the disease and the presence of complicated forms. Changes in the antioxidant defense of the body in abdominal sepsis are manifested by inhibition of the plasma antioxidant ceruloplasmin with a simultaneous increase in catalase in erythrocytes, depending on the phase of the disease and also on the presence of complicated forms of the disease. As a result of this study, increased production of a complex of both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines with their rapid and excessive entry into the peripheral blood was revealed.

Investigation of the distribution of guanidine polymethacrylate - as the basis for a future nanocontainer for targeted transport of drugs in living organs and tissues and assessment of its effect on the body as a whole. To assess the effect on the body and the distribution of PMAG in tissues and organs, we used 24 experimental healthy laboratory rats: identical in series, sex, weight and age. A solution of PMAG in 0.9% sodium chloride in three concentrations: 2.5 mg / ml, 5 mg / ml, 10 mg / ml was administered to rats intravenously. Pieces of organs and tissues were fixed in 10% neutral formalin and embedded in paraffin according to the generally accepted technique. Histological sections, 5-7 μm thick, were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The preparations were examined under an OLYMPUS BX 43 microscope with a digital video camera. Intramuscular injection of nanomaterial causes structural changes in the intestinal wall of rats, which are manifested after the introduction of 1 ml of solution at a dosage of 2.5 mg / ml after two hours. Changes are manifested in circulatory disorders, leukocyte infiltration, degenerative changes and epithelial necrosis. Alterative changes increase as the concentration of the injected solution and the exposure time increase. The results obtained indicate that at this stage it is not yet possible to immediately use this material for targeted drug delivery, but further developments in this direction seem quite promising for the development of new therapeutic anticancer drugs, an innovative strategy for personalized molecular therapy for intestinal cancer.

The study enrolled patients with acute gastrointestinal ulcers and gastrointestinal bleeding, EGD confirmed, against the background of the novel coronavirus infection (61 patients). There were 39 men (63.9 %), women — 22 (36.1 %), the mean age of the patients was 57 years. It was found that preventive schemes of acid blockers administration have not been sufficiently effective and is unsafe for the patients with COVID-19. Based on this, as a prevention of the acute gastrointestinal ulcers in patients with the novel coronavirus infection without GI bleeding, we recommend the administration of the H2 receptor antagonists. The risk of gastrointestinal bleeding increases in patients with COVID-19, so there is a need for further investigation of the efficacy and safety of the preventive therapy in this category of patients.

Kabardino-Balkar state university named after Kh. m. Berbekov, nalchik, russiaЦель исследования состояла в морфологическом и гистохимическом изучении развития острых изъязвле-ний желудка и ДПК при различных этиологических факторах острой гастропатии. В основу работы положен клинико-морфологический анализ обследования и лечения 452 больных, находившихся на лечении по поводу острых изъязвлений гастродуоденальной зоны пищеварительного тракта. В качестве общей морфогистоло-гической характеристики состояния слизистой оболочки желудка этих больных отмечалось: 1) наличие острых язв или острых эрозий; 2) нарушение микроциркуляции; 3) снижение плотности и флуоресценции адренерги-ческих нервных волокон и повышение активности ацетилхолинэстеразы в холинергических нервных волокнах; 4) наличие Helicobacter pylori; 5) наличие хронического воспаления; 6) нарушение клеточного обновления. Ключевые слова: острые язвы, ацетилхолин, вегетативная иннервация, кислотопродукция, Helicobacter pyloriThe purpose of the study was morphological and histochemical study of the pathogenesis of acute ulceration of the stomach and duodenum with various etiological factors of acute gastropathy. The study is based on clinical and morphological analysis of the examination and treatment of 452 patients who had been treated for acute ulceration of the gastroduodenal zone of digestive tract. As a general morphohistological characteristic of the state of the gastric mucosa of these patients, it was noted: 1) the presence of acute ulcers or acute erosion; 2) violation of microcirculation; 3) a decrease of density and fluorescence of adrenergic nerve fibers and increase of acetylcholinesterase activity in the cholinergic nerve fibers; 4) the presence of Helicobacter pylori; 5) the presence of chronic inflammation; 6) violation of cellular regeneration.