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The ventricular atria in 100 healthy fetuses with gestational ages ranging from 14 to 38 menstrual weeks were evaluated and compared with those of 38 fetuses in whom ventriculomegaly had been diagnosed in utero. Axial sonograms of the brain through the atrium of the lateral ventricle demonstrated that the normal atrial diameter remained relatively constant throughout the gestational age range observed. The atrium had a mean diameter of 7.6 +/- 0.6 mm (standard deviation [SD]). Measurement of this structure can be quickly performed, is reproducible with low intra- and interobserver variation, and permits ventriculomegaly to be excluded. Atrial diameters exceeding 10 mm (above 4 SDs) suggest ventriculomegaly, with a low false-positive rate.

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Consensus recommendations were used to create an algorithm for evaluating women with postmenopausal bleeding. All panelists agreed that because postmenopausal bleeding is the most common presenting symptom of endometrial cancer, when postmenopausal bleeding occurs, clinical evaluation is indicated. The panelists also agreed that either transvaginal sonography or endometrial biopsy could be used safely and effectively as the first diagnostic step. Whether sonography or endometrial biopsy is used initially depends on the physician's assessment of patient risk, the nature of the physician's practice, the availability of high-quality sonography, and patient preference. Similar sensitivities for detecting endometrial carcinoma are reported for transvaginal sonography when an endometrial thickness of greater than 5 mm is considered abnormal and for endometrial biopsy when "sufficient" tissue is obtained. Currently, with respect to mortality, morbidity, and quality-of-life end points, there are insufficient data to comment as to which approach is more effective. The conference concluded by identifying several important unanswered questions and suggestions that could be addressed by future research projects.