In the southeastern Serbia, in the area of the municipality Bor, there are three flotation tailing dumps: FTD Bor, FTD RTH (the ore body H) and FTD Veliki Krivelj. The Flotation Tailing Dump Bor is abandoned, partly reclamated. The other two are active flotation tailing dumps. All three flotation tailing dumps are serious polluters of air, water and soil. The affected zones by dust from these tailing dumps threat large areas in a direction of dominant wind from the northwest direction. The affected areas by the impact zone of dust from: the Bor Flotation Tailing Dump amount to 18,361,074 m 2 , flotation tailing dump of the ore body H, 3,713,408 m 2 and Flotation Tailings Dump Veliki Krivelj, 16,077,805 m 2. The most effective measure against dust rising from dry areas by the wind is the use of reclamation with the phases of technical, agrotechnical and biological reclamation.
Flotacijska jalovišta sa aspekta tehnologije predstavljaju neophodan rudarski objekat, a u pogledu životne sredine realnu opasnost po ekološke faktore životne sredine bilo da su u funkciji ili je završen proces odlaganja. U Srbiji i u svetu, dogodili su se brojni udesi na flotacijskim jalovištima usled havarija. Pojave udesa zaslužuju da budu predmet istraživanja u cilju otkrivanja mehanizma njihovog nastajanja, obima i dometa ugrožavanja životne sredine kako bi se inicirali zahtevi za projektovanje i ugradnju zaštitnih sistema čija pouzdanosti treba da bude veća od ukupne verovatnoće opasnosti. Sve vrste sistema za suzbijanje, otkrivanje i alarmiranje opasnosti imaju svoju cenu nabavke, ugradnje i korišćenja koja je u principu srazmerna verovatnoći pouzdanosti i sigurnosti rada. Na taj način se uspostavlja funkcionalna veza između troškova ugradnje sistema sigurnosti i verovatnoće sigurnosti od nastajanja udesa (havarija). U radu su dati uzroci nastajanja udesa svrstani po uzroku nastajanja. Ključne reči: flotacijsko jalovište, havarija, životna sredina. * Institut za rudarstvo i metalurgiju Bor, Srbija *** Rad je proizašao iz projekta broj 37001 "Uticaj rudarskog otpada iz RTB-a Bor na zagađenje vodotokova sa predlogom mera i postupka za smanjenje štetnog dejistva na životnu sredinu" koji je finansiran sredstvima Ministarstva za prosvetu, nauku i tehnološki razvoj Republike Srbije 3. NAJVEĆA FLOTACIJSKA JALOVIŠTA U EVROPI I SRBIJI U tabeli 1. date su lokacije najvećih flotacijskih jalovišta u Evropi. Tabela 1. Najveća flotacijska jalovišta u Evropi i Srbiji Država mesto Količina jalovine m 3 Površina jalovišta m 2
The problem of water and land pollution in the coastal area of the river Bor, downstream from the Bor flotation tailings, dates back to 70-year of the last century. The paper provides an attempt to restore this degraded area by flotation tailings using method of setting the neutralization layer of wasted lime -filler height 0.1 m between layers of flotation tailings and newly drifted 0.5 m height mold layer on top. The newly formed recultivated area can be used for food production, whether it is used for human consumption or food for domestic animals. The model of restoration comprehends agro-technical, technical and biological recultivation. This process is given in detail for the experimental area in Bor River riverside (Serbia) and it includes construction of access roads, protective dykes, protective embankment towards river, smoothing surfaces and filling in a layer of lime filler minimum height of 0.1 m (buffer zone) and filling the mold soil in layer of 0.5 m height. The developed model of restoration now awaits funds for its application on the experimental site.
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