Aims:  Chronic fatigue syndrome patients often have comorbid psychiatric disorders such as major depressive disorders and anxiety disorders. However, the outcomes of chronic fatigue syndrome and the comorbid psychiatric disorders and the interactions between them are unknown. Therefore, a two‐year prospective follow‐up study was carried out on chronic fatigue syndrome patients with comorbid psychiatric disorders. Methods:  A total of 155 patients who met the Japanese case definition of chronic fatigue syndrome were enrolled in this study. Comorbid psychiatric disorders were diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th edition criteria. Patients with comorbid psychiatric disorders received psychiatric treatment in addition to medical therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome. Seventy patients participated in a follow‐up interview approximately 24 months later. Results:  Of the 70 patients with chronic fatigue syndrome, 33 patients were diagnosed as having comorbid psychiatric disorders including 18 major depressive disorders. Sixteen patients with psychiatric disorders and eight patients with major depressive disorders did not fulfill the criteria of any psychiatric disorders at the follow up. As for chronic fatigue syndrome, nine out of the 70 patients had recovered at the follow up. There is no significant influence of comorbid psychiatric disorders on the outcome of chronic fatigue syndrome. Conclusions:  Chronic fatigue syndrome patients have a relatively high prevalence of comorbid psychiatric disorders, especially major depressive disorders. The outcomes of chronic fatigue syndrome and psychiatric disorders are independent. Therefore treatment of comorbid psychiatric disorders is necessary in addition to the medical treatment given for chronic fatigue syndrome.

Two new eremophilane-type sesquiterpenoids, fusumaols A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the stem-leafy liverwort, Bazzania japonica collected in Mori-Machi, Shizuoka, Japan. Their structures were established using extensive spectroscopic (IR, MS, and 2D NMR) data, and the absolute configuration of 1 was determined by the modified Mosher's method. This is the first time eremophilanes have been discovered in the liverwort genus Bazzania. Compounds 1 and 2 were evaluated for their repellent activity against the adult population of the rice weevil Sitophilus zeamais using the modified filter paper impregnation method. Both sesquiterpenoids showed moderate repellent activities.

This study deals with dynamic models of a human body and a bicycle during eff −road cycling f()r optimization of the vibration characteristics of bicycle f ヤ ame ． A stability of a bicycle and a ride comf ( )rt depend on the charactedstics of human − biCycle system ． In addition ， the mass ratio of a huma 皿 body to a

This paper deals with the response reduction effect by friction under 2-dof system. The friction behaviour is effective for dissipating seismic energy. Therefore, in recent years, the installation of an isolator and a damper with frictional element in industrial facilities has been investigated. In addition, the seismic response is reduced by the frictional vibration occurring between piping and support system. However, the seismic response of a 2-dof friction system depends on system parameters such as natural frequencies and the mass ratio of the structure by support. A great deal of time is required for non-linear analysis to obtain optimum system parameters. The present study deals with the "Response Reduction Map" for a 2-dof friction system. This map shows the area that the response magnification is less than 1 and less than the response of a linear system. Firstly, the response reduction map by actual seismic wave is shown. Secondly, the response reduction map by the artificial seismic wave calculated from the design spectrum is shown. Optimum friction forces for reducing the seismic response of 2-dof friction system can be easily obtained by this map without non-linear time history analysis.

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