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Conrrolled multicast scheme provides instanraneous service, but limited sewer bandwidth causes some user requests to be either delayed or rejected when insufficient free bandwidrh is available.In this paper, rwo borrowing schemes are proposed for insranraneous video-on-demand (VOD) thar reduce user request blocking rate by borrowing bandwidth from ongoing video streams when rhere is insuflcienr free bandwidth for rhe server to deliver a new video stream. Both these new schemes have been proven ro successfully reduce blocking rare and increase bandwidth utilization ar the expense of temporarily degrading the video quality.

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