Based on long-term stationary and field experiments (1977-2017), the optimal parameters of soil fertility (gray forest, dark gray forest, leached chernozem) were established. The highest economically and ecologically justified productivity of agrocenoses is obtained when the density of addition for cereals is 1.2 g / cm3, the content of productive moisture in the meter layer during the growing season is 120-150 mm or 75% Field Capacity, the content of agronomically valuable aggregates (0.25-10 mm in diameter)-65-70%, their water resistance-60-65%, the content of N-NO3 15-20 mg / kg of soil, P2O5, K2O-20 mg / kg and the content of humus in the layer 0-30 cm is 8-10%. To archive the rational use of soil fertility, the system of using space systems when performing technological operations of cultivation of agricultural crops is proposed. Digitization of the fields reflected their real configuration and area size, which differed by 10-28% with the previous maps. Formed agrochemical cartograms for elementary areas of the field and differentiated application of mineral fertilizers in off-line mode stabilized the nutrient regime of leached chernozem. Savings of fertilizers in differentiated application ranged from 14 to 56%, and the profitability of grain production exceeded the traditional (average rate over the entire field) method of fertilizer application by 9-11%. Parallel movement of the unit across the field reduces reseeding by 10,000 hectares to 550 hectares, reduces overspending of seeds to 130 tons, fertilizers to 80 tons, and fuel to 3850 liters. The inclusion of additional options in accordance with the software in the on-board navigation computer and the technical solution for preserving the rate of fertilizers in additional fertilization at different speed increases the productivity by 2 times or more and ensures the introduction of the estimated dose of mineral fertilizers. Disabling the nozzles when spraying crops with plant protection products in floors, regulating the supply pressure of the spray material, depending on the speed of movement, eliminates the burn of cultivated plants and increases productivity up to 37%.

Using an unmanned aerial vehicle Geoscan 201 Agro, 20,286 hectares of agricultural land were surveyed in Tyumen and Sverdlovsk regions, where 206 fields were with an area of 5,552 hectares. Creating electronic maps when piloting an UAV is a more accurate, operational method in comparison with the use of the circular tour method and the use of a space satellite. It allows getting the geographical coordinates of the boundaries of the field, calculating its area, forming orthophotomaps and an electronic image of the fields.

Департамент научно-технологической политики и образования Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Российский научно-исследовательский институт информации и технико-экономических исследований по инженерно-техническому обеспечению агропромышленного комплекса»

The results of the analysis of operation of two-row disc harrows subsidized in 2020 and designed for tractors of traction classes 5 and higher are presented. The performance and economic assessments are given.

The article discusses the results of experimental studies of a field experiment on the differentiated application of granular mineral fertilizers, in comparison with their continuous application with an average economic dose in areas with different relative levels of soil fertility. The results of assessing the effect of fertilization methods on plant parameters and the efficiency of winter wheat cultivation are presented.