Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a glycoprotein hormone. It helps in development and maturation of the follicles in females through binding to FSH receptors which consists of 10 exons and 9 introns. The objective of this study was to estimate some genetic factors affecting milk production and fertility traits and to detect polymorphisms in exon 10 of FSHR gene and determine the associations between these polymorphisms and infertility in Egyptian buffalo. Heritability estimates were (0.19, 0.18, 0.07, 0.10, 0.21 and 0.19) for calving interval, days open, dry period, days in milk, total milk yield and 305day milk yield (305 DMY), respectively. Dry period showed high positive phenotypic and genetic correlation with day's open and calving interval. The breeding value for 305 DMY ranged from-480 to 380, from-370 to 330 and between-230 to 170 kg for cow, sire and dam, respectively. There was one non synonymous SNP (A93G) at 93bp in exon 10 of FSHR gene (with 230bp size) and there was two different pattern of single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) but there was no any SNP for FSHR gene (with 306bp size) in all examined Egyptian buffaloes as shown by one SSCP pattern and nucleotide sequencing.