Color parameters were measured using a CM-2002 Minolta Spectrocolorimeter. Lightness varied from its lowest value of 77.68 to its highest value of 79.60 with coefficients of variation less than 1%. Lightness was statistically (p<0.05) the same for filtration and clarification; and for drying and deodorization. There was no significant difference in greenness from filtration through drying, although the highest greenness (a = -1.18) was obtained after deodorization. Yellowness was statistically equal at filtration (b = 31.34) and clarification (b = 31.19); at washing (b = 33.08) and drying (b = 33.02). Results showed that the spectrocolorimeter was consistent and the step of washing yielded the lightest cocoa butter.

No abstract

Palm oil, the most oil consumed in the world, because of its high saturated fatty acid content, is nowadays recognized to enhance Cardiovascular disease risk (CVD). In this study, we sought to propose Cucurbitaceae seeds oils (CSO) as reducing CVD risk and a good source of income. Then, physicochemical parameters, composition and nutritional value of Citrullus lanatus seeds oil (HCL), Lagenaria siceraria seeds oil (HLS), Cucumeropsis mannii seeds oil (HCM) were compared to that of Refined palm oil (RPO) and among them. Four diets, conformed to that proposed by AIN-93G but differing to the oil, were formulated by using one of the CSO extracted or RPO. These diets served to feed four homogeneous groups of young rats (six per group) during 45 days. Diets consumption and efficacy were evaluated. Blood sample, collected at the end of the experimentation, were used to measure out heamatological parameters, glyceamia, urea, creatinine, lipids parameters, Aspartate Aminotransferase, Alanine Aminine Transferase, sodium and calicium. Peroxide index and specific gravity were in accordance to the norm. Free fatty acid content of RPO and HLS were in the norm but acid values of the fourth oils were lower than the safe limit for consumption. Grading of most unsaturated fatty acid content was HCL, HCM, RPO and HLS respectively. Plasma parameters, organ weight and the coefficients calculated were not different (p > 0.05) to each other, but according to atherogenicity index, the grading of high inducing cardiovascular disease was HCM, RPO, HCL and HLS respectively. Without no technological treatment CSO compete with RPO. There are possibility that refined CSO reduced CDV than RPO. Keywords: Citrullus lanatus seeds oil ; Refined palm oil ; Physicochemical parameters ; Composition ; Nutritional value ; Cardiovascular disease risk; Rat Abbreviations CVD: Cardiovascular Disease Risk ; CSO: Cucurbitaceae Seeds Oils; RPO: Refined Palm Oil; HDI: Refined palm oil « Dinor »; HLS: Lagenaria siceraria seeds oil ; HCL: Citrullus lanatus seeds oil; HCM: Cucumeropsis mannii seeds oil; RHDI: Diet in which oil used is refined palm oil; RHCL: Diet in which oil used is Citrulus lanatus oil; RHLS: Diet in which oil used is Lagenaria siceraria oil; RHCM: Diet in which oil used is Cucumeropsis mannii oil; RHDI: Diet in which oil used is refined palm oil; RHCL: Diet in which oil used is Citrulus lanatus oil; RHLS: Diet in which oil used is Lagenaria siceraria oil; RHCM: Diet in which oil used is Cucumeropsis mannii oil; ASAT: Aspartate Aminotransferase; ALAT: Alanine Aminine Transferase

L'étude des effets pharmacologiques d'un extrait hydroalcoolique de Curcuma longa Linné (Zingiberaceae) [Cl] sur la pression artérielle couplée à la respiration du lapin dans un intervalle de concentrations compris entre 5,5 × 10 -4 et 4,4 × 10 -2 g/kg de PC montre que cette substance d'origine végétale induit des effets hypotenseurs dose-dépendants. Ces effets s'accompagnent d'une augmentation de la fréquence et d'une diminution de l'amplitude respiratoire. Dans un intervalle de concentrations compris entre 10 -6 et 10 -3 mg/ml, ce même extrait provoque des effets inotrope et chronotrope négatifs dose-dépendants sur le coeur isolé de rat. Par ailleurs, il induit une forte diminution dose-dépen-dante des contractions rythmiques du duodénum isolé du lapin à des concentrations comprises entre 2 × 10 -2 et 1,2 × 10 -1 mg/ml. Ces effets négatifs de l'extrait hydroalcoolique de cette espèce végétale rappellent les effets bien connus des antagonistes calciques. Afin de comprendre le mécanisme d'action des substances contenues dans cet extrait, nous avons comparé les interactions entre acé-tylcholine (ACH)-Cl et ACH-atropine (ATR) et chlorure de baryum (BaCl 2 )-ATR-Cl pour trois concentrations différentes de BaCl 2 . La présence de substances anticalciques dans l'extrait hydroalcoolique de cette plante est confirmée par le fait que, contrairement à l'ATR qui est un inhibiteur compétitif des récepteurs cholinergiques muscariniques, Cl inhibe les effets inotropes positifs induits par le BaCl 2 qui est un stimulateur de la motilité intestinale comparable au calcium. L'augmentation du rythme respiratoire du lapin induit par l'extrait brut de Curcuma longa pourrait être due à l'existence dans cet extrait de substances autres que les substances anticalciques. Mots clés : Curcuma longa -Anticalcique -Acétylcholine -Atropine Pharmacodynamic effects of a hydroalcoholic extract of Curcuma longa Linné (Zingiberaceae) on the cardiovascular system, respiratory activity and mechanical activity of duodenal strips of mammaliansAbstract: The pharmacological effects of a hydroalcoholic extract of Curcuma longa Linné (Zingiberaceae) [Cl] were studied on blood pressure coupled to respiratory activity of rabbit in concentration ranging from 5,5 × 10 -4 to 4,4 × 10 -2 g/kg of b.w. showed that this vegetal extract induced dose-dependent hypotension effect. These effects were accompanied by a increase of frequency and decrease of respiratory range. At the concentrations ranging from 10 -6 to 10 -3 mg/ml, this same extract induced dose-dependent negative inotropic and chronotropic effects on the heart isolated from rat. Moreover, it induced a significant dose-dependent decrease of the rhythmical contractions of the isolated duodenal from rabbit at the concentrations ranging 2 × 10 -2 to 1,2 × 10 -1 mg/ml. The negative effects caused by this vegetable specie recalled those of calcium channel blockers. Therefore, the interaction ACH-Cl and ACH-ATR on the one hand and BaCl 2 -ATR-Cl on the other hand were achieved to understand the action mechan...