The role of migrants on economic downfall in the case of developing countries has been recognized by the researchers and the policymakers. As it becomes difficult for the policymakers and the local government to manage and organize economic activities with the new arrival of migrants from rural to urban areas. The problem of congestion, health and residence issues, are also caused by migration. So this study investigates the impact of socio-economic and demographic indicators on migration intention among the youth of district Khushab. The results obtained from this study show that there are some economic and non-economic pull and push factors that aspire the young generation to migrate from rural to urban and urban to urban areas. Positive association of migration intention with income, assets, age, and education, already migrated members of households and already migrated friends or relatives have been observed. While there is a negative association of land, satisfaction from education facilities, satisfaction from job facilities, satisfaction from transport facilities with migration intentions. Marital status shows that a married person is less likely to migrate due to family obligations. Due to underlying problems caused by migration the study suggested that equal distribution of resources should be materialized. Special attention should be given on the provision of health, education, job, and transportation facilities in rural areas to alter migration intention among youth.

Herodotus was the first to write of the AMazons , placing them in Pontus near the shore of the Euxine Sea, and describing their raids against scythes, Thrace, and the coasts of Asia Minor. No men were permitted to dwell in their country, though once a year the warrior women visited a neighboring nation for purposes of procreation, slaying all male children or returning them to their fathers, and recruiting the baby girls. Their name allegedly came from the Greek a-mazos (without breast), from their custom of amputating the right breast to make the drawing of the bow more convenient, but a variety of other derivations have been put forward. The explorer Francisco de Orellana, at Amazonas Forest, 1541, said that women at Maranhão River threw arrows against his expedition. This myth dissipated that because of these actions the women received the name of the Greek warriors. 1 Who were those "single-breasted" maidens, and what was their role in society? And how did their sexuality defy gender relations? Embarking on Isabel de Montoya's individual life history, and thereafter parting onto the vast landscape of singleness in early and mid-colonial Mexico, the goal of this book is to provide a fresh approach to lingering views on single, plebeian women in Latin American historiography in general, and in Mexico in particular. This book is dedicated entirely to single women of the lower echelons of society, whether they were Spanish, creoles, mulatas, or blacks. Indigenous single women during the period discussed amounted to as high as 39% of all mothers in rural areas such as San Martin Huequechula (state of Puebla); however, they are usually During the sixteenth century, according to Spanish law, men were relegated to the heads of families and filled most of the roles within the family and outside it: the

Reaching the extremely poor and marginal groups in countries where local politicians and offi cials have little incentive to provide for them is a challenge to addressing marginality in many countries. Financial and taxation arrangements, information constraints, and institutional aspects between central and local governments to address these challenges are identifi ed in this chapter. The instruments that might be involved include a range of options, from transfers or assistance from higher levels of government (donors), cash support, or the provision of public services (particularly health care and education), other forms of income or employment support, to assistance for small-scale enterprises. In this chapter the author concludes that in the absence of genuine local interest in providing for the marginalized and extremely poor, direct provision of funding by central governments and aid agencies appears to be the main feasible option.

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