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A 60-day feeding trial was conducted to determine the effects of copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs) and vitamin C (VC) on red sea bream. Besides the control diet (D1), six diets were supplemented with Cu-NPs and VC [0/800 (D2), 0/1,000 (D3), 0/1,200 (D4), 2/800 (D5), 2/1,000 (D6) and 2/1,200 (D7) mg Cu-NPs/VC per kg]. Cu-NP was a significant factor on final weight (FBW), weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR), feed intake (FI), feed (FER) and protein efficiency ratios (PER), protein gain (PG) and protein retention (PR), body protein and lipid contents, protease (PA) and bactericidal activities (BA) and tolerance against stress (LT50%) (p < .05). In addition, BA and LT50% were significantly affected by either Cu-NPs or VC (p < .05). Fish fed Cu-NPs or/and VC-supplemented diets showed higher FBW, WG, SGR, PG, PR, FI, PA, LA and BA values when compared with the control group (p < .05). FER, PER and body lipid content were significantly enhanced in D4, D5, D6 and D7 groups; meanwhile, body protein and LT50% were significantly enhanced in D5, D6 and D7 groups when compared with D1 group (p < .05). In conclusion, dietary Cu-NPs or/and VC improved growth and health of red sea bream.

SUMMAYuring recent years, researchers evaluated many of eco-friendly alternatives to antibiotics such natural bee products as growth promoters in poultry production to improve the productive efficiency, modify the gut microflora, control diseases and enhancing the immune-response. The present study aimed at assessing the impacts of bee venom in drinking water on the growth performance, carcass merits, blood health, and immunity of broilers. Three hundreds and seventy five unsexed one-day old Avian chicks with an initial body weight of (45.2 ± 0.7g), were obtained from a local commercial hatchery. Chicks were kept at a private poultry farm under supervision of Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University. Chicks were divided randomly into five equal experimental groups; each group divided into 3 replicates; each replicate has 25 birds. Control group (C) received drinking water without any supplementation (tap water). Treatment 1, 2, 3 and 4 received drinking water treated with bee venom at the level of (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg/Liter), respectively. Results showed that, birds received bee venom at the level of 2.0 mg/L drinking water had significantly (P≤0.05 and 0.01) the highest body weight. Chicks received bee venom at the level of 2.0, 1.5 and 1.0 mg/L. drinking water recorded superior (p≤0.05) weekly body weight gains than those fed 0.5 mg/L and control group. The highest (p≤0.05) amount (3008.9gm) of total feed consumption per bird recorded by the control group compared to (2908.9, 2907.0, 2916.6 or 2916.2) of those received bee venom at the levels of 2.0, 1.5, 1.0 or 0.5 mg/L, respectively. Regarding feed conversion ratio, through the whole experimental period (0 to 5 week), there were no significant differences among treated groups while, it has a significant improvement compared to birds in control group. There were significant (P≤0.05) effects for carcass, dressing, abdominal fat and relative liver, thymus, and spleen weights between broilers received drinking water supplemented with different levels of bee venom and those of the control. No significant differences (P>0.05) were observed for each IgA, IgG, and IgM. It could be concluded that the use of bee venom in drinking water of broilers up to 2mg/L. is able to improve productive performance, carcass traits and some blood biochemical parameters.

his study was aimed to investigate the effect of replacing soybean meal (SBM) by jojoba meal treated with Lactobacillus Acidophilus and Tricoderma Ressie on broiler performance. One-day old 360 unsexed Ross 308 broiler chicks were distributed into eight equal experimental treatments. The chicks in the first experimental treatment was fed control diet (T1), whereas, those in treatment 2 (T2), 3 (T3) and 4 (T4) fed diets containing jojoba meal treated by Lactobacillus Acidophilus at the level of 5, 10 and 15%, while birds in treatment 5 (T5), 6 (T6) and 7 (T7) fed diets containing jojoba meal treated by Tricoderma Ressie at the level of 5, 10 and 15%, with replacing of soya bean protein in the diets. The birds in treatment 8 (T8) fed diet containing untreated jojoba meal. Experimental period lasted for 6 weeks. Body weight, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and carcass traits were measured during the experiment period. The highest feed consumption was noticed in T4, while the lowest one was recorded in T8. During the experimental period (0-6 weeks), control, T7 and T2 gave better feed conversion ratio.Conclusively, it can be concluded that replacing soybean meal with treated jojoba meal biologically up to 5% could be useful for performance of broiler chicks.

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