It has been established that the imbalance of soil processes caused by insufficient intake of organic matter into the soil causes its degradation, decreased fertility, and humus content. There is a problem of ensuring environmental safety. It was also established that the development of new or the improvement of existing structural and technological solutions for tillage is of particular practical interest. Pre-sowing cultivation of the soil is a thorough closure and preservation of moisture through the creation of the upper mulched surface, the destruction of weeds and the creation of favorable conditions for seed germination at a biologically optimal depth of planting. For the steppe zone of the North Caucasus (Krasnodar Territory, Rostov Region and Stavropol Territory), which is the main grain-sowing zone in Russia, research is needed to develop innovative means for pre-sowing treatment that provides the accumulation and preservation of moisture and nutrients, reduces fuel consumption and stable movement of working bodies in soils having different densities. To solve this problem, the hypothesis was put forward at Kuban Agrarian University that in order to ensure moisture conservation and reduce energy consumption, stability of movement of the working bodies of the device in soils with different densities is required, while the stand must deviate under the influence of external resistance in three planes. The research was developed and protected by the patent “Device for presowing tillage”. Studies have been carried out to optimize the energy costs of an innovative tool for presowing tillage using experimental design methods that confirm effectiveness.

One of the main tasks of agriculture of the Russian Federation today and for the near future is transition to the modern economically effective technologies demanding the new approach to agriculture with application of modern scientific solutions and a new generation of agricultural machinery. The analysis of scientific research has shown that cultivation of grain crops to 40% of resource potential is for the technological process of processing of soil, and the share of machining of soil, for example, in wheat crop, is 14%. In a context of the previously mentioned, soil processing should be done to receive the necessary quality of processing, to reduce a power consumption, to increase development of cars. Optimum quality destruction of the soils, a demanded turn of a layer etc. is probably provided in advance, forcing a soil layer to move on the set trajectory on ploughshare-mouldboard surfaces, a plough or on ploughshare non-mouldboard tools. Thereupon carrying out profound scientific research of interaction of working bodies with soil for the purpose of modernisation and designing of such working bodies of soil-cultivating tools, which allow receiving the set agrotechnical indicators of processing of soil with the minimum expenses, is actual.

No abstract

No abstract

The optimal parameters and operating modes of vibratory roller for soil compaction after sowing winter wheat were substantiated. For objective function - the optimum coefficient of variation of density of soil during operation of vibratory roller for compacting winter wheat regression equation was obtained in the planning according to the BK plan of the experiment. The adequacy of model according to Fisher criterion, the significance and reliability of coefficients of regression equation was established. The response surface obtained by the shape of hyperboloid rotation was studied, two-dimensional sections of three factors were constructed on optimization criterion. With its minimum value, the optimal parameters of vibratory roller were established: the mass of roller is 293 kg, the spring stiffness is 11.95 kN/m, the working speed of roller is 9.6 km/h. The minimum value of optimization criterion is 10.43%.