No abstract

Higher mean pixels was recorded in cases compared to controls at all the time intervals viz., immediate post op, 1 month post op, 3 months post op and 6 months post op. However, the difference in the mean pixels recorded between the two groups was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). For complete analysis, further follow up of the present patients and a larger sample size is required to obtain a conclusive result of the Bone Regeneration in extraction sockets with PRF gel.

Introduction: This retrospective study was performed to evaluate the frequency of anaerobic bacteraemia over a 10-year period, and to provide updated antibiotic susceptibilities for the more clinically relevant anaerobes causing blood stream infection. Materials and Methods: Data were retrieved from the laboratory information system for the period 2003 to 2012. During this time, blood cultures were inoculated in Bactec™ Plus vials (BD, USA) and continuously monitored in the Bactec™ 9000 blood culture system (BD, USA). Anaerobic organisms were identified using commercial identification kits, predominantly API 20 A (bioMérieux, France) supplemented with Vitek ANC cards (bioMérieux, France) and AN-Ident discs (Oxoid, United Kingdom). A representative subset of isolates were retrieved from 2009 to 2011 and antimicrobial susceptibilities to penicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, clindamycin, imipenem, moxifloxacin, piperacillin-tazobactam and metronidazole were determined using the Etest method. Results: Anaerobes comprised 4.1% of all positive blood culture with 727 obligate anaerobes recovered over the 10-year period, representing a positivity rate of 0.35%. The only significant change in anaerobe positivity rates occurred between 2003 and 2004, with an increase of 0.2%. The Bacteroides fragilis group (45%) were the predominant anaerobic pathogens, followed by Clostridium species (12%), Propioniobacterium species (11%) and Fusobacterium species (6%). The most active in vitro antibiotics were imipenem, piperacillin-tazobactam, amoxicillin-clavulanate and metronidazole, with susceptibilities of 95.0%, 93.3%, 90.8% and 90.8% respectively. Resistance was high to penicillin, clindamycin and moxifloxacin. However, there were apparent differences for antibiotic susceptibilities between species. Conclusion: This study indicates that the anaerobes comprise a small but constant proportion of bloodstream isolates. Antibiotic resistance was high to some antibiotics, but metronidazole, the beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitors and carbapenems retained good in vitro activity. Key words: Antibiotic resistance, Bacteroides

No abstract

BACKGROUNDPlatelet Rich Fibrin has stood the test of time as an excellent augmenter of bone regeneration. It is not only cost effective and easy to produce, it also releases the much-needed cytokine cascade that promotes both soft tissue healing and bone regeneration. It is however, of utmost importance to establish other potentials of this widely used autologous agent to accelerate bone regeneration. We wanted to explore if addition of an antibiotic to PRF to improves its inherent qualities. We wanted to assess radiographically the changes in bone regeneration rate and soft tissue healing between bilateral mandibular third molar trans-alveolar extraction sockets placed with platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) alone as compared to platelet rich fibrin (PRF) gel infused with Metronidazole. METHODSFifty patients undergoing bilateral mandibular third molar extractions were included in the study. PRF was inserted into the extraction socket on one side (Group A) and PRF gel infused with Metronidazole into the socket on the contra-lateral side (Group B). The soft tissue healing of the surgical sites after one week and bone regeneration rates of both the groups was assessed radiographically at 1 week, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months and 6 months and compared statistically. RESULTSThe study was done between May 2010 and January 2012 on 50 patients with 20 women (30%) and 30 men (70%) with a mean age of 25 years. The healing of soft tissues was considerably better in Group B. The bone regeneration was also significantly higher in Group B than Group A at each of the follow-up intervals. CONCLUSIONSPlatelet rich fibrin gel with Metronidazole could significantly increase the amount of new bone formation in comparison to that of PRF alone. Also, soft tissue healing was more satisfactory and predictive in those receiving PRF gel with Metronidazole.