The aim. The study represents a continuation of the previous one, and provide various aspects related to the use of perfumery, which can be characterized by certain associations with the education level of Ukrainian consumers. Factors that have direct or indirect biological and medical significance and, accordingly, may have a potential impact on the safety of the perfume products use by humans, were selected for the analysis. Materials and methods. The analysis included information about 124 individuals living in Ukraine. The respondents answered the questions of the questionnaire developed regarding some aspects of the perfumery use. The Pearson chi-squared (χ2) test was used to analyze the relationships between qualitative characteristics. Results and discussion. Most of the studied aspects related to the perfumes use demonstrate associations, caused by the dependence of the education level on age. The analysis revealed that individuals with any education most often (about half of the cases or more) choose a perfume based on its scent. The study showed that the majority of respondents believe that the price of a perfume depends on a combination of factors, namely the composition of the products, the brand and the cost of the packaging. More than 80 % of people, regardless of the education level, believe that the persistence of a perfume is definitely a sign of quality. The most common opinion among people of all education levels was that non-original perfumes can have a more negative effect on people's health than original products. The "lipstick effect" in relation to perfume products (demand for items of "affordable luxury" in times of economic crises and wars) was observed. Conclusions. The study supplemented the previously found associations of age and some biological and behavioral aspects of perfume use among the population of Ukraine with data on the presence or absence of such associations in relation to the education level
The microbiological stability of medicinal products always requires close attention during the pharmaceutical development phase, as microbial contamination can pose a threat to both the health of the patient and the stability of the medicinal product. The level of microbial contamination can be controlled by monitoring the quality of raw materials, compliance with appropriate sanitation of production facilities and equipment, the use of scientifically justified preservatives in the drug. The aim of the work is to substantiate the use of a preservative and its concentration in the composition of the developed gel with phytocomplex. Materials and methods. The objects of the study were gel samples with the addition of a preservative: Euxyl 9010K (90 % phenoxyethanol, 10 % ethylhexylglycerol), methyl parahydroxybenzoate (E218), sorbic acid, potassium sorbate, benzoic acid. Concentrations of antimicrobial substances used corresponded to their average value from the range of used concentrations. The research has used the method of evaluating the effectiveness of antimicrobial preservatives, given in SPU 2.0. Results. Experimental studies using preservatives Euxyl 9010K 0.60 %, methyl parahydroxybenzoate 0.25 %, sorbic acid 0.10 %, potassium sorbate 0.25 %, benzoic acid 0.15 % in the samples of the developed gel with phytocomplex had shown that the obtained results for all samples fully meet the requirements of SPU in terms of “antimicrobial efficacy of preservatives” for topical drugs. According to the results of the first stage of research, it had been found that the greatest antimicrobial efficacy was shown by a sample with the preservative Euxyl 9010K. The subject of the second stage of research was the substantiation of the concentration of Euxyl 9010K (0.45 %, 0.60 %, and 0.75 %) based on the results of which it had been established that the gel samples with concentrations of Euxyl 9010K 0.60 % and 0.75 % met the requirements of SPU on the indicator of “antimicrobial efficacy of preservatives” for topical medicinal products. The sample with a concentration of Euxyl 9010K 0.45 % also met these requirements, but the logarithm of the reduction in the number of viable cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria after 2 days of storage is 2.00, which was the limit value according to the requirements of SPU. Conclusions. The expediency of using Euxyl 9010K (90 % phenoxyethanol, 10 % ethylhexylglycerol) at a concentration of 0.60 % as a preservative had been experimentally substantiated.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2025 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.