Eighty Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups and examined over a period of 2 or 8 weeks. First, a surgical defect was created in the calvaria using a 6 mm diameter trephine drill. The cavity was then treated with BCP (biphasic calcium phosphate), MTA, or the combination of the two. In the control, the cavity was allowed to clot. After 2 or 8 weeks, animals were sacrificed and the bones were subjected to a histological evaluation and immunohistochemical staining to evaluate areas of new osteoid tissue and new bone tissue as well as the percentage of labeled cells that utilize anti-BMPR1B antibodies. Twoway ANOVA showed statistical significant diference in all dependent variable (area of new osteoid tissue; area of new bone and % of immunostainning) within group p=0.00000, time p=0.00000 and with the interaction of both p=0.0000. MTA group at 8 weeks showed the highest amount of osteoid tissue (6.25 ± 0.30 mm 2 ). The same group also exhibited the highest amount of bone tissue formation (3.98 ± 0.14 mm 2 ). In contrast, both 2-week MTA samples (40.73 ± 2.50%) and 2-week BCP+MTA samples (40.30 ± 1.81%) exhibited the highest percentage of stained cells. Best results in terms of the area of osteoid and bone tissue formation and the percentage of BMPR1B markings were observed for the MTA group, confirming that the combination of BCP and MTA does not result in a significant improvement.

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