[1] The Far-Ultraviolet Imager (IMAGE-FUV) on board the NASA IMAGE satellite has been used to observe plasma depletions in the nightside equatorial ionosphere. Observations from periods around spacecraft apogee, during which equatorial regions are visible for several hours, have allowed the velocity of these plasma depletions to be determined. A new method for determining the velocity of these depletions using an image analysis technique, Tracking Of Airglow Depletions (TOAD), has been developed. TOAD allows the objective identification and tracking of depletions. The automation of this process has also allowed for the tracking of a greater number of depletions than previously achieved without requiring any human input, which shows that TOAD is suitable for use with large data sets and for future routine monitoring of the ionosphere from space. Furthermore, this automation allows the drift velocities of each bubble to be determined as a function of magnetic latitude, which will give us the capability of retrieving geophysically important parameters such as the electric field, which are believed to vary rapidly with magnetic latitude.

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Quanti/alive analysis of the effect of radialive energy blockage during the combustion process of condensed fuels requires a knowledge of the infrared radialion properties of various hydrocarbon gases as a function of temperature and optical pathleng/h. The spectral absorptivities of the four infrared-active bands of ethylene (CzH.J have been measured at low resolution for temperatures between 300 and 700 K. These measurements have been used to correlate both the spectral-mean parameters and the wide-band parameters for each of the four major bands in the infrared region. The spectral-mean parameters have been determined from the stalistical narrow-band model, while the wide-band parameters have been obtained from the Edwards exponential wide-band model. The wide-band parameters have been further utilized for the development of both the total emissivity and the Planck mean absorption coefficient charts. In addition, based on the Tien-Brosmer super-band model, the super-band parameters have also been determined in the present work for convenient engineering applicalion.

This paper presents a new, simple, but powerful technique for nonsimilar natural and assisting mixed convection heat transfer problems in which thermal boundary conditions are specified arbitrarily even with step discontinuities. Temperature and velocity fields for natural convection over thermally nonuniform surfaces are formulated in terms of equivalent Grashof numbers defined by the superposition of surface heat fluxes and velocities obtained from similarity analyses for isoflux or isothermal surfaces. A local heat transfer rate for assisting mixed convection over thermally nonuniform surfaces is approximated using Nusselt numbers for pure forced and pure natural convection over such surfaces, which are obtained by the superposition method. Comparisons with existing similarity solutions, experimental results, and numerical solutions validate the use of this simple superposition method in many practical situations such as cooling configurations in electronic and manufacturing equipment.

The Ionospheric Anomaly Monitoring by Magnetometer And Plasma-probe (IAMMAP) is one of the scientific instruments for the Compact Advanced Satellite 500-3 (CAS 500-3) which is planned to be launched by Korean Space Launch Vehicle in 2024. The main scientific objective of IAMMAP is to understand the complicated correlation between the equatorial electro-jet (EEJ) and the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) which play important roles in the dynamics of the ionospheric plasma in the dayside equator region. IAMMAP consists of an impedance probe (IP) for precise plasma measurement and magnetometers for EEJ current estimation. The designated sun-synchronous orbit along the quasi-meridional plane makes the instrument suitable for studying the EIA and EEJ. The newly-devised IP is expected to obtain the electron density of the ionosphere with unprecedented precision by measuring the upper-hybrid frequency (fUHR) of the ionospheric plasma, which is not affected by the satellite geometry, the spacecraft potential, or contamination unlike conventional Langmuir probes. A set of temperaturetolerant precision fluxgate magnetometers, called Adaptive In-phase MAGnetometer, is employed also for studying the complicated current system in the ionosphere and magnetosphere, which is particularly related with the EEJ caused by the potential difference along the zonal direction.