A pattern for calculating vibrational spectra of organophosphorus compounds within the framework of the DFT/b3LYP method has been described using sarin and soman molecules as examples.

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Expressions for the dielectric constant of a pure liquid are obtained from quantum electrodynamics, and compared with those obtained from electrostatic arguments. The Lorentz cavity field is shown to be associated with off-resonance intermolecular exchange of excitation. An application of perturbation theory up to a level including such excitation exchange leads to the Debye equation for pure non-polar liquids, and an analogue of the Onsager equation for polar liquids.

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