The objective of this research work is to compare the findings of the two techniques of synthesis (solid state and solution based synthesis) in order to know whether the two results are similar or not and also to determine if the introduction of the metal ion increase or decrease the activity of the drug. From the spectral studies, it revealed that the ligand act as bidentate which coordinated to the central metal through the carbonyl of acid and ester. The elemental analysis data agreed with the proposed structure of the complexes and revealed the ratio of 2:1. Bacterial activity test shows the increase in activity from the complexes compared with the free ligand. The authors recommend the application of solid state synthesis as the method also provide the same or better result than the solution based synthesis and also the solid state method is more effective and greener synthesis.

The authors use an environmental friendly, solvent-free method to prepare metal (II) complexes of cloxacillin and to determine the activity of the complexes. The complexes are more active against the bacteria isolates than the free cloxacillin. The spectral studies showed the cloxacillin (ligand) as monobasic bidentate material that form a complex with metal ion through the carbonyl of amide and carboxylate groups of carboxylic acid, microanalysis results prove that the ligand to metal ratio is 2:1. The researchers recommend the use of solvent-free drugs in the manufacture of metal (II) complexes of active pharmaceutical ingredients to avoid the excessive use of solvents that cause global problems.