Aim:To conduct detailed pathomicrobial studies on Salmonella Gallinarum infection in broiler chickens.Materials and Methods: Bacteriological and pathological studies were conducted on 134 dead poultry birds collected from 23 different farms suspected to be infected with S. Gallinarum.Results: Mortality pattern revealed that maximum mortality occurred in 1-2 week aged birds. Out of 23 Salmonella isolates, 19 samples were identified as S. Gallinarum (9, 12) and 4 samples as Salmonella Enteritidis (9, 12: gm). Isolates were found to be most sensitive to Polymyxin B (100%). The present study also showed re-emergence of chloramphenicol sensitivity (83.33%). Pathological lesions observed were bronze discolouration of liver, splenomegaly and necrotic foci on liver, spleen and heart. Microscopically, liver and spleen revealed aggregation of heterophils, lymphocytes and macrophages, nonsuppurative myocarditis, fibrinous pericarditis, interstitial nephritis, necrotic enteritis and serofibrinous pneumonia. Conclusion:It was concluded that S. Gallinarum 9, 12 was the main serotype causing Salmonellosis in poultry birds. Polymyxin B was the most sensitive drug (100%) for Salmonella infection along with re-emergence of chloramphenicol sensitivity for Salmonella (83.33%) infection.

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This study focuses on analyzing the protein expression pattern of intracellular proteins when Pseudomonas mendocina SMSKVR‐3 exposed to 300 mM of arsenate to find out the proteins that are overexpressed or exclusively expressed in response to arsenate. The sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of protein expression at different time intervals showed the highest number of protein bands (14) that are overexpressed at 8 h of the time interval. It was also observed that treatment with at least 200 mM of As(V) is required to induce a difference in protein expression. Two‐dimensional (2D)‐PAGE analysis of 8‐h sample exhibited 146 unique spots, 45 underexpressed, and 46 overexpressed spots in arsenate‐treated sample. Based on the highest percent volume and fold change, three unique spots and one overexpressed spot were selected and analyzed by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight (MALDI‐TOF/TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) analysis followed by the MASCOT search. These proteins were identified as ribosome‐recycling factor (20.13 kDa), polyphosphate:ADP/GDP phosphotransferase (40.88 kDa), ribonuclease P protein component (14.96 kDa) and cobalt‐precorrin‐5B C(1)‐methyltransferase (38.43 kDa) with MASCOT score of 54, 81, 94, and 100, respectively. All of these proteins help the bacteria to overcome arsenate stress.