This paper presents the modification of existing prominent multipliers like Wallace multiplier and Truncated Multiplier in order to improvise them in terms of power and area. In the existing Wallace multiplier architecture, the Carry Save Adder is replaced with Modified Carry Save Adder (MCSA)and further the full adder in the MCSA is implemented using Multiplexer. Similarly the regular full adder in the Truncated multiplier has been replaced with mux based full adder to achieve low area and power. Simulation of 8 x 8 Multiplier has been carried out with Modelsim 6.3c and Synthesis is carried out by Xilinx10.1. Results obtained show that the proposed modified multipliers offer low power and reduced area than the existing Multipliers.

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A hybrid wireless network handles both ad hoc networks and infrastructure networks, these networks are affected by malicious attacks which affect the routing by packet drops, modifications and selective forwarding. These attacks lead to the link failure in a network. Link failures are the main reason for packet loss and network unreliability in these kinds of networks. Due to link failures, the life time of the network and the performance of routing path is affected. The previous security mechanisms for protecting wireless networks are not sufficient for hybrid networks. In this article, the authors propose a trust-based security model to enhance security factors in hybrid networks. The proposed routing protocols implemented in hybrid network platforms consist of different networks such as a fixed node for WLANs (wireless televisions, personal computers, printers, cellular, etc.) with zero mobility, a sensor node for WSNs with zero mobility, mobile nodes with movements considered MANETs, and nodes with high movements (vehicles) considered as VANETs. This article proposes routing protocols to avoid link failure in the current routing path and provide quick recovery, improve the throughput, reduce end to end delay, maximize the life time of routing path without affecting energy consumption and QoS/QoE while compared with other existing techniques.

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