In recent years, much attention has been given to antiparkinsonian drugs which do not directly influence dopamine and its receptors but nevertheless produce a positive therapeutic action. This part of the review summarizes recent findings and discusses hypotheses concerning the role of antioxidants and inhibitors of adenosine and glutamate NMDA receptors in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Promising approaches are provided by operative methods and gene therapy. The development of Parkinson's disease genetics will probably provide a key to the next generation of antiparkinsonian drugs.
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