Метою було дослідити формування азотфіксувального потенціалу та продуктивності різних сортів сої селекції Інституту кормів та сільського господарства Поділля НААН залежно від бактеризації на сірих лісових середньосуглинкових ґрунтах в умовах Лісостепу правобережного. Методи. Мікробіологічні, фізіологічні, біохімічні, газова хроматографія. Для визначення кількості та маси бульбочок використовували метод монолітів. Результати. Наведено результати досліджень впливу бактеріального препарату−інокулянту Оптімайз 200 (діюча основа − штам Bradyrhizobium japonicum 61А273) на динаміку формування та продуктивність соєво-ризобіального симбіозу за наявності в ґрунті фонових популяцій ризобій сої. Визначено азотфіксувальний потенціал та урожайність насіння сортів сої селекції Інституту кормів та сільського господарства Поділля НААН за дії бактеризації. Виявлено, що бактеризація біопрепаратом Оптімайз 200 підвищує ефективність симбіотичної системи сої і, як наслідок, забезпечує збільшення урожаю та поліпшення його якості. Висновки. Доведено, що в умовах Лісостепу правобережного на сірих лісових середньосуглинкових ґрунтах бактеризація насіння біопрепаратами на основі штамів Bradyrhizobium japonicum покращує формування та функціонування симбіотичного апарату сої навіть на фоні ґрунтової популяції бульбочкових бактерій. Бактеризація насіння сої сприяє збільшенню біологічно фіксованого азоту на 27-37 %, урожайності сої-на 38-47 % та вмісту сирого протеїну-до 38,8 %. Встановлена пряма залежність та сильні позитивні кореляційні зв'язки між кількістю біологічно фіксованого азоту та продуктивністю сортів сої.

Purpose. To theoretically substantiate the methodology for the accelerated determination of the sowing qualities (express method) of seeds of leguminous and cereal grasses, in particular germination capacity, the amount of hard seeds and viability in comparison with the defining those indicators according to the State standard of Ukraine (SStU 4138-2002), international methodology (ISTA – International seed testing association). Methods. Quantitative, laboratory, mathematical-statistical, observation, comparison, analysis and synthesis. Results. Determination of sowing qualities (germination energy, germination rate, amount of hard seeds) of forage crops according to the methods of SStU 4138-2002; ISTA (international rules for the analysis of seeds) and the express method of accelerated determination, showed the high efficiency and effectiveness of the latter (improved method of swelling seeds of leguminous grasses and preparatory caving of films and swelling of seeds of cereal grasses), which can be used in production conditions to obtain objective information on the sowing properties of seeds of the formed harvest. Conclusions. The express method can be used to determine the viability of legume grass seeds within 3-4 hours by establishing the difference between the number of live and dead seeds. The data obtained are close to the germination rates when analyzing seeds according to the SStU 4138-2002 and ISTA methods and make up 90-95; 93-95; 92-95% respectively. Germination of seeds of cereal grasses using the caryopsis method allows determining the viability of seeds on the 2nd-5th day in species with high germination energy (Bromus inermis, different types of Lolium perenne) and 7th-10th day in species with slow germination (Festuca rubra L). Seed germination of these species according to the express method was 84- 92%, while according to the SStU 4138-2002 and ISTA methods it made up 91-94; 90-96%, and the analysis was carried out on the 10th and 21st day.

Purpose. To develop the element for regulating the formation of seed yield and the seeding properties of Bromus inermis through the application of Medax Top growth regulator from the time of tillering to the stem elongation of seed crops. To establish its effect on the growth of plants, their height, productive density, the number and mass of grains in inflorescences, the power of growth and seed germination. Methods. Field, visual, measuring, weight, quantitative, test sheaf method, laboratory, mathematical and statistical. Results. The results of scientific research aimed at creating favorable conditions for the formation of seed productivity of Bromus inermis and its seeding properties through the application of Medax Top plant growth regulator in the sixth-eighth period of organogenesis, i.e. from the beginning of tillering to the stem elongation of seed crops are presented. Its effect on increasing plant resistance to lodging, reducing plant height, increasing productive shoot formation, the number and mass of grains in inflorescence, improving seeding properties, in particular, the power of growth and seed germination, which contributed to the formation of seed yield of 343—354 kg/ha or 47—58 kg/ha more compared to the control without application of the plant growth regulator. Conclusions. Application of Medax Top plant growth regulator at the rate of 0.5—1.0 l/ha in the seed crops of Bromus inermis of Vseslav cultivar during the growing season is effective from the beginning of tillering to the stem formation, it contributes to an increase in its seed productivity by 5.0—21.2 % and provides conditional net profit of 5,179—5,288 UAH/ha.

Purpose. To investigate the germination features and sowing properties of seeds of the Danaya creeping trefoil, Vilia hybrid clover, Ajax Lotus corniculatus varieties. To establish the features of improving the sowing properties of seeds, in particular, germination energy, viability, and spread by the seeds pathogenic microorganisms damage reducing. Methods. Measuring, visual, quantitative, laboratory, mathematical and statistical. Results. The method for pre-sowing improvement of sowing properties of the creeping trefoil and hybrid clover seeds has been developed by treating them with the bacterial preparations Rizobofit (strain of the bacterium Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii) and of Lotus corniculatus (strain of the bacterium Mesorhizobum loti) in the amount of 0.15 l per hectare seed normative or treating them with the Ahrohumat anti-stress agent – 0.2 l/t of seeds, which contributes to the increase in germination energy by 6-9%, viability – by 7-10%, and spread – by 5-10%. Conclusions. The influence of pre-sowing treatment of seeds of pasture leguminous grasses on the formation of sowing qualities of the creeping trefoil, hybrid clover and Lotus corniculatus has been established. It is effective to Treating the seeds with the bacterial preparation Rizobofit strains depending on the legume variety (150 ml per hectare norm of seeds) or the anti-stress agent Agrogumat (200 ml / t of seeds) showed its effectiveness, it contributed to the increase in germination energy, viability and growing power of seeds by 6-9, 7-11 and 5-10%. Growth regulators Saprogum (70 ml/t) and Biosil (25 ml/t) were somewhat less effective, the indicators were 3-5% lower compared to the other above mentioned preparations.

Purpose. In order to determine the reliability of the new method of field inspection of varietal seed crops of cereals and legumes (leguminous grasses, soybeans, fodder beans, lupine, lentils, beans, peas, chickpeas,) to conduct a comparative evaluation of methods according to the current scheme operating in Ukraine and that acting in accordance with the OECD international requirements (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) for the “Grass and legume seed” group and to determine the number of atypical plants in 10 m2 test plots. Methods. Field, laboratory, visual, measuring, weighing, quantitative, test reap method, economic-mathematical, statistical. Results. The normative database for the development of methods for field inspection of seed forage crops and the establishment of their varietal purity according to OECD requirements by inspecting 10 m2 test plots (10 ones per 10 hectares) has been determined. At the same time, the number of atypical plants on crops of pre-basic and basic seeds of cereal grasses should not exceed 3-4; 4-5 pcs.; for legumes, respectively – 3-10; 11-20 pcs. For certified seeds (CH1-2) of the first and second year of generation, these figures are: for cereals –10-20; 40-70 pcs, for legumes – 21-40; 41-60 pcs respectively. Conclusions. The results of the research confirm the greater informational objectivity of the methodology developed on the basis of OECD schemes, compared to the current methodology in Ukraine. Compliance with varietal purity in accordance with international requirements under the OECD scheme (regulation of additional atypical plants of the main variety) and seed growing technology in the primary stages of seed production provided production of 6.78; 5.62; 5.78 t of pre-basic and basic seeds of 4 species of 8 varieties of perennial legumes and 20.68; 12.80; 18.63 t of seeds of 9 species of 11 varieties of perennial grasses in 2016, 2017 and 2018.