The majority of natural products currently used in the medical field are derived from microbial or plant sources. The bioactive compounds derived from natural sources exhibit tremendous structural and chemical diversity. According to previous research, only a small percentage of the world's plant and microbial diversity has been examined for bioactivities. The compounds originating from secondary metabolites of microorganisms are more useful for the development of novel drugs due to their biological friendliness and drug-likeness than any other compounds. Thus, recent research suggests that microorganisms obtained from diverse habitats and natural resources offer various bioactive secondary metabolites with incredibly wider chemical entities, hopefully, an alternative remedy for many diseases. Soil bacteria are capable of producing a variety of natural bioactive compounds for the treatment of various diseases. The three genera Bacillus spp., Streptomyces spp., and Pseudomonas spp. have been the prime focus to produce different types of antibiotics. However, to date, there are no reviews that evaluated the antimicrobial and anticancer properties of soil bacterial metabolites. Hence, the current review aimed to assess the antimicrobial and anticancer potential of soil bacterial metabolites.