Background and objective To test the hypothesis that magnesium sulphate reduces the amount of remifentanil needed for general anaesthesia in combination with propofol and mivacurium, we studied 50 patients undergoing elective pars plana vitrectomy in a double-blind, randomized prospective fashion. Methods Magnesium sulphate (50 mg kg ±1 body weight) or placebo (equal volume of NaCl) was given slowly intravenously after induction of anaesthesia with propofol 1±2 mg kg ±1 . Anaesthesia was maintained with propofol (using electroencephalographic control), mivacurium (according to train-of-four monitoring of neuromuscular blockade) and remifentanil (according to heart rate and arterial pressure). Results We observed a signi®cant reduction in remifentanil consumption from 0.14 to 0.09 lg kg ±1 min ±1 (P < 0.01). Mivacurium consumption was also markedly reduced from 0.01 to 0.008 mg kg ±1 min ±1 (P < 0.01), whereas propofol consumption remained

We can recommend the use of magnesium sulphate as a safe and cost-effective supplement to a general anaesthetic regimen with propofol, remifentanil and mivacurium, although we cannot clearly distinguish between a mechanism as a (co)analgesic agent at the NMDA-receptor site or its properties as a sympatholytic. The effect of a single bolus dose of 50 mg kg(-1) on induction lasts for about 2 h. For longer cases, either a continuous infusion or repeated bolus doses might be necessary.

Haemodynamic response to acute haemorrhage appeared faster with xenon/remifentanil than with isoflurane/remifentanil anaesthesia. In particular MAP decrease and short-term recovery were more marked with xenon (P<0.02). In the xenon group, volume replacement increased FAC compared with control and isoflurane (P<0.02).

MAC(Xe) in swine was calculated by extrapolation of a logistic regression model. Its theoretical value is 119 vol. %.

In our study, xenon monoanaesthesia and combinations of xenon with isoflurane and sevoflurane did not lead to pathologic alterations in the measured coagulation parameters.