In post-cardiac surgery patients, PSV showed improved ventilation of the dependent lung region due to the contribution of the diaphragm activity, which is even more pronounced during lower assist levels.

Anesthesiologists in the Netherlands take a different approach when caring for intellectually disabled children and they were not aware of pain observation scales for these children. However, the majority think that intellectually disabled children are not more sensitive to pain or require more analgesia. These opinions did not change over the 4-year period. One way to proceed is to implement validated pain assessment tools and to invest in education.