<div><p class="Affiliation">The demand for underwater communication is growing at a faster pace since few decades. Maximizing the communication performance and building efficient network architecture for underwater communication is a challenging task. Due to the reduced bandwidth, high error rate, noise, propagation delay, water currents and increased cost in the network topology, the existing communication techniques are not feasible for underwater communication. Research in high speed underwater transmission technology has become a primary need in today’s world. By using underwater acoustic sensor network high transmission distance can be achieved but with lower data rates, high power consumption, larger delays and with higher cost. Underwater Optical Communication can be used to increase data rates and lower delays but it suffers from high attenuation due to which it cannot be used for data transfer over larger distances. Research in the area of hybrid sensor networks is a challenging task and has many open research challenges, which needs to be solved. In this paper we discuss the various architectures of underwater communication. A comparative study is made on different routing protocols and localization algorithms. The challenges faced by acoustic and optical communication are also discussed.</p></div>

With the fast growth of big data, IoT, industrial internet, and intelligent control technology, digital twins are extensively employed as a novel form of technology in many aspects of life. Digital twins have emerged as the ideal connection between the real world of manufacturing and the digital virtual world, as well as an effective technological way of realizing the interaction and cooperation of the real and information worlds. Digital twins rely on knowledge mechanisms, digitization, and other technologies to build digital models. They use IoT and other technologies to convert data and information in the physical world into general data. Its necessity is mainly reflected in the massive data processing and system self-optimization in the digital twin ecosystem, so that the digital twin ecosystem is orderly and intelligent cloud travel, and it is the central brain of the digital twin ecosystem. The rapidly expanding digital twin market indicates that this technology is already in use across many industries and is demanded to rise at an estimated USD 48.2 billion in 2026.

<p class="Affiliation"><span lang="EN-US">A little change in the environment that goes unnoticed in an underwater communication network might lead to calamity. A little alteration in the environment must also be adequately analyzed in order to deal with a potential crisis. A priority-based routing protocol is required to ensure that the vital data perceived by the sensor about the environment changes. The priority-based routing system guarantees that vital data packets are delivered at a quicker pace to the destination or base station for further processing. In this work, we present a priority-based routing protocol based on the energy efficient hybrid cluster routing protocol (EEHRCP) algorithm. The suggested approach keeps two distinct queues for lower and higher priority data packets. In order to ensure that these packets get at their destination without any information loss and at a quicker rate, all of the crucial sensed data is passed through a higher priority queue. Test findings show that the suggested technique increases throughput, delivery percentage, and reduces latency for the crucial data packets.</span></p>

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Innovation is the commercial application and successful exploitation of the idea. This means introducing something new into the business for improving or replacing business processes to increase efficiency and productivity. Development of entirely new and improved products and services for changing customer or consumer demands or needs, adding value to existing products, services, or markets is called business innovation. It is critical for any forward-thinking organization that technology plays a major role. Choosing technologies that will empower an organization is challenging. Today, technological innovations like internet-enabled mobile devices have allowed businesses to innovate news ways of doing things that were previously unthinkable. Innovation must be more than just technologically feasible and economically profitable. The successful exploitation of new ideas is crucial to a business being able to improve its processes, bring new and improved products and services to market, increase its efficiency, and most importantly, improve its profitability.