The dielectric relaxations of a biopolymer, collagen, have been studied by means of the thermally stimulated current (TSC) technique. To investigate effects of water on TSC spectra, complementary measurements by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) have been performed. In dehydrated collagen, three spectral bands were recorded in the temperature range of ‐180‐60°C, labelled α, β1, and γ in the order of decreasing temperature. The TSC spectrum of hydrated collagen exhibits a supplementary band labelled β2. By using the fractional polarization method, the γ and β1 modes have been attributed to localized movements of nonpolar (apolar) sequences and polar sequences, respectively. The α mode has been associated with delocalized movements of the collagen macromolecules. Finally the β2 mode has been attributed to reorientations of bound water molecules inside the collagen fibers. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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Radiation effects on collagen and skin have been characterized by means of thermally stimulated current (TSC) spectroscopy. X-rays, [3-rays and UV radiation have similar effects on the molecular mobility of dermal collagen and skin. They induce a decrease of intra and intermolecular mobility. The restriction of molecular movement can be explained by an increase of collagen cross-links.

The purpose of this paper is to improve the robustness of the multimodel control of discrete systems by using observers. The new strategy of the multimodel control is based on the use of a dynamic library of generic models and observers. The main idea of this paper is to re-initialize the state of each model by the corresponding state estimated from the process when the error between them exceeds a certain value. A good choice of the of the observer besides a fusion applied on the coefficients of each controller allows the multimodel control strategy to reach the desired objective for the global control of the system. The desired performance is reached by the use of this new strategy of multimodel control. Then, the breakthrough aspect of this work is the introduction of observers in the multimodel control as a technique to improve the validity of the generic models. The global control obtained by this new strategy of control is presented. Computer simulation results show that a design of robust multimodel control based on a good selection of the models plus re-initialization steps based on observers is feasible and provides good performances.