Kyiv program of monitoring of long-term variation of solar spectral lines at the horizontal solar telescope of the Main Astronomical Observatory of Ukraine is described. The aim of the program is to clarify the issue how the physical parameters of the quiet solar atmosphere change over the 11-year cycle of solar activity. The diagnostics of the atmospheric variation includes analysis of more than 40 spectral lines of neutral and ionized chemical elements observed at the solar disk and at the limb near north and south poles with high spectral resolution. The results of monitoring show that during 2012–2017 a line core depths and a line full widths at half maximum respond to the cycle modulation of the global unsigned magnetic field of the Sun. Such a correlation can be explained by assuming that temperature gradient of the solar photosphere is growing with solar activity.

Äîñòîèíñòâîì ïðèìåíåííîãî ìåòîäà ÿâëÿåòñÿ îäíîâðåìåííîñòü ðå ãè ñòðàöèè ñïåêò ðà äëÿ ðàçíûõ ãåëèîöåíòðè÷åñêèõ ïîçèöèé íà ñîëíå÷ íîì äèñêå. Âûïîë íåíû ðåäóêöèè íàáëþäàòåëüíûõ äàííûõ çà âëèÿíèå ðàññåÿííîãî ñâåòà â ñïåêòðîãðàôå, àòìîñôåðíîãî ðàññåÿííîãî ñâå òà, èíñòðó ìåíòàëüíîãî êîíòóðà ñïåêòðîãðàôà è íåêîòîðûõ àáåð ðà öèé. Îòíîøåíèÿ ñïåêòðîâ öåíòð/êðàé ñîïîñòàâëåíû ñ äàííûìè ëè òåðàòóðíûõ èñòî÷íèêîâ. Äëÿ 11 ñïåêòðàëüíûõ ëèíèé ïîëó÷åíû äàí íûå îá èçìå íåíèè èõ ïðîôèëåé ïðè ïåðåõîäå îò öåíòðà ê êðàþ ñîë íå÷íîãî äèñêà. Âûÿâëåííàÿ íåìîíîòîííîñòü òàêèõ èçìåíåíèé îáúÿñ íåíà íåîäíîðîäíîñòÿìè ôèçè÷åñêèõ óñëîâèé íà ïîâåðõíîñòè Ñîëíöà.  öåëîì ãëóáèíû èññëåäóåìûõ ëèíèé Fe I äåìîíñòðèðóþò òåíäåíöèþ óìåíüøåíèÿ ñèëû ëèíèé ïðè ïåðåõîäå ê ëèìáó. Ïîëóøèðèíû áîëüøèí ñòâà ëèíèé óâåëè-÷èâàþòñÿ ê êðàþ äèñêà. Ýêâèâàëåíòíûå øèðèíû ïîêàçûâàþò ðàçíîíàïðàâëåííîå èçìåíåíèå. Ïîâåäåíèå ïàðàìåòðîâ ëè íèè Mn I l 539.4 íì äðóãîå: âñå òðè èññëåäóåìûõ ïàðà ìåòðà óâåëè÷èâàþòñÿ ê êðàþ äèñêà, õîòÿ ó ñàìîãî ëèìáà ãëóáèíà è ýêâèâàëåíòíàÿ øèðèíà òàêaeå íà÷è íàþò óìåíüøàòüñÿ. Èçìåðåí ëèìá-ýôôåêò ëèíèé, êîòî ðûé ïîêàçûâàåò íàèáîëüøåå çíà÷åíèå ïðè ñðàâíåíèè ïîëîaeåíèé ÿäåð ñëàáûõ ëèíèé. Ñèëüíûå ëèíèè äåìîíñòðè ðóþò ìàêñèìàëüíûé ëèìá-ýô ôåêò ïðè ñðàâíåíèè ñðåäíåé ÷àñòè áè ñåê òîðîâ ëèíèé.