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SUMMARYPower system restoration is the procedure of restoring a power system after a blackout and different strategies have developed for it because of its importance. One of the most practical and economical strategies is a ''Build-up strategy'' that includes the process of restoring separated islands in the power system and interconnecting them after it. The process of Build-up power system restoration is highly affected by power system telecommunication capabilities. Based on the constraints of wide area measurement system (WAMS) operation, each island must be fully observable. This paper provides an approach for power system restoration and observability of these islands. The New England 39 bus power system has used to simulate the presented approach.

This paper is concerned about islanding of network and observability of these islands in power system restoration. It is assumed that a black out happened on a system which have minimum PMUs (phasor measurement units) for measuring network's parameters. To restore this system an algorithm of islanding that keeps all islands observable to make the restoration process shorter is introduced and developed step by step on the IEEE 14 bus system and it is applied to the New England 39 bus system to show the result for a bigger system.

The first control action in power system restoration concerns the generation restart. In the initial phase of restoration, operators are often concerned with load pickup problems. One of the important problems during load pickup is keeping frequency response in allowable range. The aim of this paper is to determine the best sequence of load pickup by hydro and steam units during power system restoration based on frequency response of prime movers. Hydro power plants and combustion turbine units have the capability of black start operation and can be used for early stages of power system restoration. This paper considers hydro power plants for evaluating the stability and frequency response during load pickup in the early stages of restoration. Load pickup scheme has been developed based on using a pair of interconnected units.