The study identified the levels of pollution such as turbidity, chloride, silica, solids and E-coli in potable water at the point of treatment in Eleyele treatment plant and at various points in the consumer premises, some distance away from the treatment plant to ascertain the quality of water in the pipe distribution network within Ibadan city. Water samples were collected at eleven different locations and subjected to physical, chemical and bacteriological tests and analyses. The results showed that the physical and chemical quality of Eleyele water works compete favourably with international standards such as those of the World Health Organization (WHO) but the bacteriological quality was suspect. Deterioration in water quality with respect to bacteriological quality in the distribution network could be as a result of pipe rust, and old age, leading to constant pipe leakages and burst wherein the E-coli contaminated water infiltrated into the pipe distribution network. In order to avoid E-coli contamination, the study recommends that maintenance of water pipe distribution networks should be planned, implemented and controlled at the same optimum level and operation as for the treatment facilities and the protection of the water source in order to meet international standards.

This study focused on residents' knowledge of solid waste reduction, reuse and recycling (3Rs) as sustainable solid waste management (SSWM) options in Makurdi metropolis, a rapidly growing urban city in the North central (middle belt region) of Nigeria. The area surveyed covered low (zone I), medium (zone II) and high-density (zone III). Data used for this study were collected by the use of literature search, administration questionnaire (n=560), formal and informal interviews, and observational checklists. Analyses of the data revealed that > 72% of the respondents in the three environmental zones are aware of the fact that solid waste can be reused, reduced and recycled. The trouble is, merely knowing something is not, by itself, sufficient to generate beneficial outcomes. There is a need for the residents to be educated or informed on how solid waste can be reused and reduced from source. The Government needs to put uninterrupted electricity supply in place as a basic ingredient for small medium and large scale industry. The market for recyclable products should also be strengthened.

The study examined the effect of flood on the socio-economic status of residents of Wadata and Gado-villa communities in the Makurdi metropolitan area of Benue State, Nigeria. A sample of five hundred and two (502) displaced residents consisting of males and females camped at St. Theresa Catholic and St. Catherine primary school, Makurdi participated in the study. A questionnaire consisting of six sections measuring demographic variables and impacts of flood on socio-economic status such as agriculture, education, health, housing, water and sanitation was used to collect data. The study established that flood impacted negatively on the socio-economic well-being of residents in the two communities. It is recommended that the government should provide a low-cost housing estate for the flood victims as they have expressed willingness to relocate from the flood prone area so that their children can go back to school as soon as possible. Further allocation of land for residential building in the flood prone areas should be stopped by the government and private land owners. The river banks should be converted to recreation centres and green areas.