The motility parameters of Fasciola hepatica miracidia were assessed at different temperatures and times post-hatching using computer-assisted sperm analysis. Eggs were incubated at 22 °C or 25 °C for 14 days. Five motion parameters were evaluated at different incubation temperatures up to 10 h post-hatching. No differences were observed in the percentage that hatched after incubation at the two different temperatures. However, the straight-line velocity of miracidia following incubation at 22 °C was significantly different from that observed at 25 °C (P< 0.01). All miracidium motion parameters at different post-hatching temperatures showed an overall decrease at the end of the experiment. Those miracidia hatching from eggs incubated at 25 °C had a higher velocity of 1673.3 μm/s compared with 1553.3 μm/s at 22 °C. Velocity parameters increased as the post-hatching temperature increased from 22 °C to 37 °C.
Efecto de la vacunación de cerdas y lechones contra circovirus porcino tipo 2 (PCV2) en la ganancia de peso y porcentaje de mortalidad en MéxicoEffect of vaccination of sow and piglets against porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) on weight gain and percentage mortality in Mexico SUMMARYThe aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of three different vaccination protocols (sows, piglets and sows and piglets) on average daily weight gain and mortality rate in piglets from farrow to finish farm with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). During the period after vaccination (weeks 3-22) the piglets, sows and piglets, exhibited significantly improved average daily weight gain and significantly reduced mortality rate. Compared with the control group, sows and piglets vaccinated against PCV2 had a significantly higher average daily gain and significantly lower mortality rate for the study period (weeks 1-22). It is concluded that vaccination against PCV2 was effective at improving growth performance and reducing mortality rate in a herd infected with PCV2.Key words: PCV2, vaccination protocols, weight gain, mortality. RESUMENEl objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la eficiencia de tres protocolos de vacunación (cerdas, lechones o cerdas y lechones), sobre la media de la ganancia diaria de peso y porcentaje de mortalidad en lechones desde el parto hasta la finalización, en una granja con Síndrome Multisistémico de Desmedro Postdestete (PMWS). Durante el periodo posterior a la vacunación (semana 3-22) de lechones, cerdas y lechones, éstos mostraron un aumento significativo en la media de la ganancia diaria de peso y una reducción significativa en el porcentaje de mortalidad. Las cerdas y lechones vacunados contra PCV2 para el periodo de estudio (semana 1-22), tuvieron un aumento significativo en la ganancia diaria de peso y una reducción significativa en el porcentaje de mortalidad cuando se les comparó con el grupo control. Estos datos demuestran que la vacunación contra PCV2 fue efectiva en mejorar el crecimiento y reducir el porcentaje de mortalidad en una piara infectada con PCV2.Palabras clave: PCV2, protocolos de vacunación, ganancia de peso, mortalidad.
SUMMARYProtection, liver function and humoral immune response were assessed in sheep vaccinated with mimotopes of cathepsin L1 and/or L2 and challenged with Fasciola hepatica metacercariae. Twenty sheep were randomly allocated in four groups of five animals each, for immunization with 1 x 10 14 phage particles of cathepsin L1 (YVYRWVEAECVA), cathepsin L2 (YVYEGRSRVRRP), cathepsin L1/L2 (YVYRWVEAECVA and YVYEGRSRVRRP) and phosphate buffered saline (PBS, control group), without adjuvant at weeks 0 and 2. All groups were challenged with 300 metacercariae at week 6 and slaughtered at week 22. Sheep vaccinated with cathepsin L1 mimotopes had a reduction in fluke burden of 50.11% when compared to control group, whereas animals vaccinated with cathepsin L2 and L1/L2 the reduction was 35.82% and 13.85% respectively. This difference was not significant. Animals receiving cathepsin L2 and L1/L2 showed a significant reduction in eggs output. The sheep vaccinated with phage clones produced significantly higher titres of IgG antibodies than the sheep in the control group. No significant differences in serum glucose, levels of GLDH and GGT were observed between the control group and the vaccinated sheep.Key words: Fasciola hepatica, sheep, phage display vaccine, cathepsin L. RESUMENProtección, función hepática y respuesta immune humoral fueron evaluadas en ovinos vacunados con mimotopos de catepsina L1 y/o L2 y desafiados con metacercarias de Fasciola hepatica. Veinte ovinos fueron asignados al azar en cuatro grupos de cinco animales cada uno, para ser inmunizados con 1 x 10 14 partículas de fagos de catepsina L1 (YVYRWVEAECVA), catepsina L2 (YVYEGRSRVRRP), catepsina L1/L2 (YVYRWVEAECVA y YVYEGRSRVRRP) y amortiguador de fosfato salino (PBS, grupo control), sin adyuvante en las semanas 0 y 2. Todos los grupos fueron desafiados con 300 metacercarias en la semana 6 y sacrificados en la semana 22. La vacunación de ovinos con mimotopos de catepsina L1, indujo una reducción de la carga parasitaria de 50,11% en comparación con el grupo control, mientras que los animales vacunados con catepsina L2 y L1/L2 fue de 35,82% y 13,85% respectivamente; esta diferencia no fue significativa. Los animales que recibieron catepsina L2 y L1/L2 mostraron una reducción significativa en la producción de huevos. Los ovinos vacunados con clonas de fagos producen títulos de anticuerpos IgG significativamente más altos que el grupo control. No hubo diferencias significativas en glucosa sérica, niveles de GLDH y GGT entre el grupo control y ovinos vacunados.Palabras clave: Fasciola hepatica, ovinos, vacunación con fagos filamentosos, catepsina L.
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