The alcoholic extract of the aerial parts of Scrophularia koelzii (100 mg/kg p.0. X 7 days) significantly protected the rat liver against thioacetamide induced toxicity. On its further fractionation, activity was localized in the chloroform fraction from which four iridoid glycosides, namely scropolioside-A, koelzioside, harpagoside and 6-O-(3"-O-p-methoxy-cinnamoyl)-u-L-rhamnopyranosyl catalpol were isolated. Among these, scropolioside-A showed maximum hepatoprotective activity. Immunostimulant response was observed with all the four iridoids with harpagoside exhibiting maximum induction of immune response.

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Two new glycosphingolipids, temnosides A (1) and B (2), have been isolated from a MeOH extract of the sea urchin Temnopleurus toreumaticus. The proposed structures 1-O-(β-d-glucopyranosyl)-d-(+)-(2S,3R)-2-[(2‘(R)-hydroxytricosanoyl]amido]-1,3-eicosanediol (1) and 1-O-(β-d-glucopyranosyl)-d-(+)-(2S,3R)-2-(docosanoylamido)-1,3-eicosanediol (2) were established by FABMS, 2D NMR, and chemical degradation studies.

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