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As HPV integration with transcription of viral oncoprotein induces overexpression of p16, immunohistochemical expression of p16 can be used as a surrogate marker of HPV. This approach can be implemented in diagnostic laboratories and can provide support for vaccination program in high risk group.

ObjectivePerforations of the tympanic membrane are treated with various surgical techniques and materials. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma during underlay myringoplasty.MethodsThe study included 40 patients. Autologous platelet-rich plasma was applied in-between temporalis fascia graft and tympanic membrane remnant during underlay myringoplasty in group 1 (n = 20). The outcome was evaluated after three months and compared with group 2 (n = 20), a control group that underwent routine underlay tympanoplasty.ResultsAfter three months’ follow up, graft uptake was 95 per cent in group 1 and 85 per cent in group 2 (p < 0.03). Mean hearing threshold gain was 18.62 dB in group 1 and 13.15 dB in group 2. This difference was statistically significant (p < 0.01).ConclusionPlatelet-rich plasma, with its ease of preparation technique, availability, low cost, autologous nature and good graft uptake rate, justifies its use in tympanoplasty type I procedures.

Fortification of expressed breast milk (EBM) is widely recommended for preterm feeding. Fortification of EBM results in increased caloric density and osmolarity, both of which may retard gastric emptying. As gastric emptying is a major determinant of feed tolerance, we investigated the effect of fortification (with Lactodex HMF) of EBM on gastric emptying in preterm neonates. The half gastric emptying time was measured using real time ultrasonography in 25 consecutive preterm neonates first on EBM alone, then on EBM + Lactodex HMF. Each baby served as its own control. The students t-test was used for statistical analysis. The mean gestation age was 34.48 +/- 0.77 weeks. The mean birth weight was 1.92 +/- 0.14 kg. The mean half gastric emptying time at an age of 5.4 +/- 0.86 days on EBM was 24.00 +/- 5.00 min and 24.40 +/- 5.06 min on EBM + human milk fortifier (HMF). The same at 2nd assessment (15.2 +/- 1.79 days), with EBM was 22.80 +/- 4.58 min vs. 23.60 +/- 4.89 min when given EBM + HMF. These differences were not statistically significant. Fortification of EBM with Lactodex HMF does not affect the gastric emptying in preterm neonates and therefore is unlikely to affect feed tolerance in them.