DKD is now recognized as the primary cause of chronic and end-stage-renal disease worldwide. The disease is characterized by changes in renal function and structure, followed by a gradual decline in kidney function, leading to ESRD. Risk factors for DKD include age, sex, race/ethnicity, family history of hyperglycemia and AKI. Recent studies have shown that certain medication classes, such as SGLT-2 inhibitors, can protect the kidneys independent of diabetes control. However, there are still gaps in our understanding of DKD, and its diagnosis is subjective due to the lack of a noninvasive biomarker. This makes it challenging to design clinical trials to identify effective treatments for the disease. Our review article aims to provide information on basic mechanisms of DKD, various treatment strategies and challenges by using personalized approaches to diagnosis and prevention.

This study is an attempt to show the familial relationship and racial conflicts in Philip Roth’s novel, American Pastoral. The study mainly focuses on the treatment of family-relationship and racial conflicts. It intends to find out the way Roth has made an attempt to explore different facets of human relationship through this novel. Being a great artist with exceptional vision, Roth has harped upon some of the most important issues of human relationship.  American society and Jewish identity always serve as the main subject matter of his writings. The prime concern of Philip Roth is to bring about reformation in American society in particular and the entire human relationship in general.

Hurler syndrome is also known as MPH I. A hereditary sickness of the lysosome is a result of a deficiency in the enzyme alpha-L-iduronidase, which breaks down glycosaminoglycans (GAG or mucopolysaccharides). As a result, tissue harm from dermatan sulfate and heparin sulfate worsens over time until death. Umbilical hernias are ventral hernias that arise at or across the umbilicus. This situation of a case report describes the surgical treatment of an umbilical hernia in a 4-year-old pediatric patient, a known case of Hurler syndrome. The patient received treatment for an umbilical hernia, a confirmatory test was performed for Hurler syndrome, and the only patient complaint related to it—corneal clouding—was treated.