No abstract

A measurement of AuL(np), the difference between neutron-proton total cross sections for pure longitudinal spin states, is described. Data were taken at LAMPF for five neutron beam kinetic energies: 484, 568, 634, 720, and 788 MeV. The statistical errors are in the range 0.64-1.35 mb. Various sources of systematic effects were investigated and are described. Overall systematic errors are estimated to be on the order of 0.5 mb and include an estimate for the uncertainty in the neutron beam polarization. The AUL results are consistent with previous results from PSI and Saclay. These data, when combined with other results and fitted to a Breit-Wigner curve, are consistent with an elastic 1=0 resonance with mass 2214 i 15 (stat) f 6 (syst) MeV and width 75 i 21 f 12 MeV. TNow at 127 Eastgate, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544. derstanding of the NN interaction a t energies below pion production threshold (about 300 MeV), which is the region of "conventional" nuclear physics, where elastic scattering dominates. The d a t a for both proton-proton (pp) and neutron-proton (np) scattering are fairly copious a t these energies and are generally self-consistent. From a theoretical point of view, quantitative success has been achieved in describing this process in terms of potentials based on field-theoretic formalism involving meson exchange. Among these are the Paris [I], Bonn 121, and Argonne [3] potentials. A review of this work has been given by Machleidt [4]. Other theoretical studies include Skyrme [5,6] and quark [7,8] models. T h e current status of these models has been reviewed by Vinh Mau [9].At energies u p t o about 1 GeV, where pion production and excitation of the A(1232) resonance are possible, the situation is not so well understood, however.

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The paper analyses the role of tax competition in global economy. How can tax systems respond to the challenge - by international cooperation or by national rules, by tax harmonisation or by tax competition? In this paper we approach the question as a matter of global governance. Tax competition is seen both as a means and as an object of global governance. Our conclusion is that there is no universal answer to the question: competition or harmonisation? Attempts to govern the processes of global economy on a national level may easily lead to tax competition. On the other hand, at least at the supranational level, i.e. at regional or global level, the goals and mechanisms of governance seem to emphasise harmonisation. Nowadays especially the OECD has become an important actor or forum for cooperation in taxation. It has succeeded in many ways in preventing and reducing harmful tax competition. The soft law mechanisms developed by the OECD have often been converted into the hard law mechanisms on national level. The governance activities have been based on both soft law and hard law mechanisms.

Mentorointia on käytetty jo pitkään vertaistuen ja ohjauksen välineenä yliopistoissa, mutta viime vuosina vaade työelämäyhteyksien vahvistamisesta ja tavoite jatkuvasta oppimisesta ovat osaltaan kasvattaneet mentoroinnin yleisyyttä. Tässä kirjallisuuskatsauksessa tarkastellaan kymmenen vuoden ajalta tutkimuksia, jotka käsittelevät yli organisaatiorajojen tapahtuvaa yliopistojen mentorointia. Katsauksessa kartoitetaan, minkälaisia merkityksiä yliopistojen mentorointiohjelma tuottaa työelämässä toimivalle mentorille, opiskelevalle mentoroitavalle sekä ympärillä oleville toimijoille. Kirjallisuudesta on tunnistettavissa kolme suhdetasoa: yksilö, kahdenvälinen ja monenvälinen. Mentorointia tulisi tarkastella monitasoisena merkitysverkostona, jossa mentorointiohjelma rakentaa mentorointiparin suhteen lisäksi yhteyksiä yliopisto-organisaatioista ympäröivään elinkeinoelämään ja yhteiskuntaan. Kirjallisuuskatsaus osoittaa, kuinka yksilökeskeistä aiempi tutkimus on ollut ja nostaa esiin eri tasoja koskevia tutkimustarpeita.