The last few decades have witnessed a greater transition in the communication sector due to the unpre- cedented innovations in technology. On the one hand, the emergence of broadband has rejuvenated and strengthened the wireline sector by making use of the existing wireline infrastructure. On the other hand, it has created an intense competition among the service providers. The competition has propelled the service providers to look beyond the idea of providing service and has forced them to consider other factors like establishing customer loyalty which stems out of customer satisfaction and service quality. Thus, the study aims to analyze the interrelationship among the above-mentioned factors with respect to digital subscriber line (DSL) service offered by the incumbent wireline operator in Puducherry. The study has found that customer satisfaction plays an intervening role between service quality and customer loyalty.

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Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) consist of lightweight devices with low cost, low power, and short-ranged wireless communication. The sensors can communicate with each other to form a network. In WSNs, broadcast transmission is widely used along with the maximum usage of wireless networks and their applications. Hence, it has become crucial to authenticate broadcast messages. Key management is also an active research topic in WSNs. Several key management schemes have been introduced, and their benefits are not recognized in a specific WSN application. Security services are vital for ensuring the integrity, authenticity, and confidentiality of the critical information. Therefore, the authentication mechanisms are required to support these security services and to be resilient to distinct attacks. Various authentication protocols such as key management protocols, lightweight authentication protocols, and broadcast authentication protocols are compared and analyzed for all secure transmission applications. The major goal of this survey is to compare and find out the appropriate protocol for further research. Moreover, the comparisons between various authentication techniques are also illustrated.

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