The article describes the general concepts of radar satellite imagery, possible options for its use in the interests of forestry. Based on the analysis of literary sources, conclusions are drawn about its main advantages over other methods of remote sensing of the Earth. The necessity of wider dissemination of various effective techniques based on radar and other satellite data is substantiated to simplify and increase the efficiency of forest stand assessment, as well as to collect unique precision data, which is impossible under ground conditions. In the southern taiga natural-climatic zone of the Republic of Udmurtia in various forest formations and forest conditions, 25 plots of land have been laid. Typical plantings of the research area have mainly mixed breed composition. The predominant amount of plots of land is found in pine forests and spruce fir forests (36% and 20%, respectively). The rest were distributed in pine forests (blueberries, chickens, broad-grass, tame) and spruce forests (chickens, broad-grass, tame). Middle-aged and maturing plantations account for 48% and 44% of plots of land, respectively. The overripe plantations of pine and spruce formations were not found. Young growths were completely overgrown. Most of the studied stands are located in forest conditions C3 (64% of the amount of PP), D3 (12%), as well as D2, D4 and C4 (8% each). The results of field studies reflect the general dynamics of the distribution of forests in the Republic of Udmurtia in the subzone of southern taiga. The material was prepared for further decoding and development of algorithms for obtaining forest taxation characteristics using radar satellite imagery

The predominance of the state dominant in the field of healthcare dictates the conditions of management and financing. As international practice shows, the main source of financing for the provision of medical services are state and/or public resources, which inevitably means the need to monitor the effectiveness of their spending by the state. Each country has established and effectively operates a system of state financial control, the functioning of which is based on the principles and concepts laid down in the standards of the International Organization of Supreme Bodies of Financial Control and Audit (INTOSAI). The review provides up-to-date information on the approaches of the state financial control and audit bodies of Russia and European countries to assessing the effectiveness of the functioning of national health systems. The adaptation of the experience of financial control bodies in terms of methods for assessing the effectiveness of management and functioning of national health systems makes it possible to expand the methodological tools used in the development of measures for financing and managing the Russian health system.

Background. Today, the development and widespread use of digital technologies in medicine is considered as one of the most promising mechanisms for optimizing costs and improving the efficiency of healthcare and the quality of life of the aging society.Objective: to study the experience of using telemedicine technologies for providing medical care in the health systems of different countries, including the Russian Federation.Material and methods. To obtain the necessary information, an overview of the most relevant studies published in Medscape, PubMed/ MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Scopus, eLibrary, CyberLeninka databases, World Health Organization repository and open sources from Google and Yandex search, as well as relevant regulatory documents was carried out.Results. The experience of using telemedicine technologies for medical care in healthcare systems of different countries, including Russia, presented in the article, demonstrates both the advantages of these technologies, and the limitations for their use in healthcare.Conclusion. Despite all the undisputed advantages of telemedicine technologies, their development should not become an end in itself. The expediency of their use in each specific case of providing medical care and exclusively as another, additional tool to improve the quality and accessibility of medical care should be considered.

The COVID-19 coronavirus infection has made significant adjustments to the management of the health care system, both in Russia and abroad. Different models of financing health systems in different ways responded to the management in emergency situations. According to experts, systems with a state-based socially oriented model of health care were more effective. At the same time, opinions were divided on the effectiveness of the insurance model for financing medical organizations that provide different types of medical care to the population. The article analyzes measures to provide medical organizations with financial and material and technical resources in countries with different economic models of the health system, and on the example of outpatient clinics in Moscow, compares changes in the main financial indicators in the first half of 2020 and assesses the financial stability of medical organizations during the period of restrictions on preventing the spread of COVID-19 coronavirus infection. The hypothesisis that financial condition of polyclinics during the period of restrictions has improved. It is based on the assumption that declining number of visits to medical organizations reduces the level of organizations’ expenditures while maintaining the volume of their income at almost the same level due to the principle of per capita state financing of medical organizations that provide outpatient medical care. Based on the results of the analysis, it is concluded that the financial stability of adult polyclinics is maintained and the financial stability of children's polyclinics is increased.

The article examines the experience of the national audit office of the United Kingdom in conducting an audit of the effectiveness of budget funds aimed at providing medicines to English citizens. The reasons for the sharp increase in budget expenditures for providing the population with reproduced medicines in 2017—2018 are described in detail.The article analyzes the shortcomings of the system of regulation of drug pricing procedures and the resulting risks to the budget of the national health system in United Kingdom.It is concluded that the effectiveness audit has allowed us to identify not only the reasons for significant overspending of the NHS budget to provide the population with medicines, but also to assess the actions of organizations authorized by the UK Government to address issues of regulation of the pharmaceutical market.