Институт физической химии и электрохимии имени А. Н. Фрумкина РАН, Москва 3 Институт проблем безопасного развития атомной энергетики РАН, Москва 4 АО «Опытно-демонстрационный центр вывода из эксплуатации уран-графитовых ядерных реакторов», г. Северск Статья поступила в редакцию 7 мая 2019 г Рассмотрено состо ние работ и исследовани по обра ени с облу енным реакторным ра итом редло ены варианты оптими а ии расходов на ахоронение Р вкл а ра работку и применение методов де актива ии сни ени активности ра итовых Р сни ени стоимости про едур конди ионировани Р а так е со дание спе иали ированно о пункта ахоронени Р писаны основные пути дл достиени про ресса и уто нени плана исследовани и ра работок в асти удалени ра ита на ахоронение Ключевые слова: радиоактивные отходы радиоу лерод реакторны ра ит уран ра итовы реактор ахоронение Р пункт ахоронени Р

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The role of underground research laboratories (hereinafter URL) is recognized globally and involves the following points: URL enables research and demonstration aimed at evaluating the feasibility of technological processes under actual spatial scales and geological setup. In recent years, quite a lot of articles and reviews was published [1][2][3][4][5], concerning the issues associated with URLs established to demonstrate the safety of radioactive waste deep geological disposal. It should be noted that 25 URLs were developed globally for various purposes. Most similar to the Russian one by their purpose are those being site-specific (located at potential disposal sites) and excavated in crystalline bedrock (granite and gneiss), namely: operating URL ONKALO (Finland) and the one planned for construction in 2020 in China (Beishan Province). Among all the publications there are several articles [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] focused on particular studies planned to be carried out in the Russian URL being under construction at the site of Nizhnekanskiy massif in the vicinity of Zheleznogorsk city (Krasnoyarsk region). This paper presents the designs of the Russian URL being for the first time ever discussed in a holistic and dynamic manner starting with the construction stage and up to the closure of the disposal facility.

The issues of the construction and operation of an underground research laboratory for the purpose of substantiating the long-term safety of the deep radioactive waste disposal facility in the Russian Federation from the perspective of scientific support are considered. The basic principles are stated and the key directions of a long-term program of scientific research, including in an underground laboratory, are justified for assessing and substantiating the safety of an object at all stages of its life cycle.