In the State Program on Development of Productive Employment and Mass Entrepreneurship for 2017-2021 "Enbek", special attention is paid to studying the current situation and developing measures to reduce unemployment in the republic. The article outlines and substantiates the factors that negatively affect the livelihoods of rural residents in the regions of Kazakhstan with excessive concentration of labor. The goal is to identify new forms of labor market regulation in labor-surplus regions, show ways to launch them; assistance in development of new model for reducing unemployment that meets the needs of the time; consider modern mechanisms of State regulation of employment. Methods – dialectical, scientific generalization, classification, systemic and comparative analysis. Results – proposals have been prepared to improve the efficiency of functioning of regional employment centers, diversify the tools for external and internal stimulation of their employees, increase the reliability of predicting the situation in labor segment based on practice of improving the skills of specialists from the Employment Center in Shymkent. The reasons for the formation of excess of labor resources in the region are analyzed and classified; own definition of the concept of "surplus labor force" is proposed; the results of socio-economic activity of the Turkestan region in comparison with other regions of the country are presented, assessment of the complexity of crisis situation in labor market segment is given; recommendations have been developed to provide jobs for people living in villages. Conclusions – the results of study are aimed at optimizing the regulation of rural labor market, the most important component in the system of market economic relations and improving the State policy in the field of employment.