Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP), caused by Mycoplasma mycoides mycoides biotype small colony (SC) (MmmSC) appears to be making a serious comeback in Africa after successful control programs in many parts of the continent during the 1960s and 1970s. Botswana, a country that has been free from the disease for more than 50 years, was affected in 1995. An eradication policy was adopted by the Government of Botswana in which 320,000 cattle in the affected district of Ngamiland, Northwestern Botswana were slaughtered. This was followed by a restocking exercise in which 70,000 cattle were sent to the outbreak areas as replacement stock. It became necessary to carry out serosurveillance in order to ensure that the disease did not reenter Botswana and to ensure that the replacement stock remained free from the disease. The specificity and sensitivity of the complement fixation test (CFT) in Botswana was assessed in 82 cattle affected by the disease and held in a double fenced quarantine camp. The newly developed competitive ELISA was made available to the National Veterinary Laboratory (NVL) through the FAO/IAEA Joint Division in Vienna, Austria. Using postmortem lesions as the gold standard and a 2 × 2 contingency table, the two tests were compared in terms of their sensitivity and specificity in detecting antibodies to MmmSC. The CFT was found to be slightly more sensitive than the c‐ELISA, and this could be related to the stage of the disease. A long‐term study comparing the progression of the disease with the two tests is, therefore, essential.
Le test ELISA de compétition, récemment décrit pour détecter la présence de la péripneumonie, a été utilisé au Laboratoire national vétérinaire du Botswana à Gaborone. L'échantillonnage de sérums a compris un nombre significatif de sérums récoltés durant l'épizootie de 1995 et ensuite en 1998 après que la totalité du cheptel bovin de la zone infectée ait été abattue. Les résultats obtenus ont montré l'excellente spécificité du test avec un seul sérum négatif, sur 895, ayant un titre légèrement supérieur au seuil de positivité. La comparaison avec deux autres tests, la fixation du complément et l'agglutination sur lame, avec des sérums récoltés durant l'épizootie de péripneumonie en 1995 a montré que ces trois tests avaient des sensibilités équivalentes. Les principaux avantages de l'ELISA de compétition sont sa spécificité, sa reproductibilité et la possibilité qu'il offre de pouvoir effectuer un contrôle de qualité fiable en étant utilisé avec des logiciels développés au niveau international comme l'ELISA Data Interchange (EDI).
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