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The aim of this present study is to evaluate the performance and efficiency of dyeing of cotton, wool and polyamide from dry skin Allium cepa and henna fabrics with natural dyes obtained as extracts leaves.In recent years, an upsurge of interest in natural dyes has been manifested as replacement of synthetic dyes for food and drugs' safety and so forth. Natural dyes have limitations of fastness, and brilliancy of shade. Therefore, in present work, use of metallic mordant was investigated to produce depth of shade, bright and fast colors. Natural dyes may chemically be classified as vat, direct, acid and\or pigment. Accordingly, efficiency and performance of dyeing were assessed on different natural and synthetic fibers. However, some good fast colors were obtained.The preference of using easily, and cheaply, without any chemical processing, results in availability of materials for dyeing by conventional dyeing which lowers the cost of natural dyeing; this enhances resource productivity, and as a result, reduces solid wastes. This makes onion scale and henna leaves one of the easily available raw materials for natural dyeing industry. However, part (II) of present work compiles preparation , physico-chemical assessment, and application of some metallic mordent's (Cr +3 ,Co +2 ,Ni +2,Cu +2 ) of present natural dyes ,in a trial to obtain more chromaticity ,affinity and better fastness of colour.

New disazo and polyazo ureido reactive dyes incorporating different reactive systems were synthesized and applied to cotton fabric by the exhaust dyeing method. Different factors affecting the dye ability and fastness properties of such dyes are investigated. Bis(monochlorotriazine) reactive dyes displayed higher primary exhaustion values compared to those obtained with bis(sulphatoethysulphone) and bis(monochlorotriazine/ sulphatoethysulphone) reactive dyes under different neutral exhaustion conditions. The results obtained indicate that the fixation efficiencies of these dyes were higher than those of dyes incorporating the bis(dichlorotriazine) reactive system. The results assessed for alkaline exhaust dyeing indicate that the bis(monochlorotriazine/sulphatoethylsulphone) dye was less sensitive to the variation in fixation temperatures than the other reactive dyes. The fastness properties of the ureido reactive dyes were fair to good.The improved dyeing performance of such type of ureido reactive dyes should lead to the design of reactive dyes with good application and fastness properties on cotton fabric, and provide practical solutions for low-salt dyeing. The present study of synthesis of disazo and polyazo ureido reactive dyes of high molecular structure, and its application to cotton fabric by the exhaust dyeing method is novel and could be applied in the industry.

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